On June 12, 2016, Omar Mateen killed 49 people and wounded as many more at a gay club in Orlando — the deadliest mass shooting in American history.
The massacre reignited a now long-standing debate over whether civilians have any business owning “military-style” guns such as Mateen’s SIG Sauer MCX rifle.
“What if I’m asked why, a day after this massacre, I want to buy the very type of gun used to slaughter people at the Pulse nightclub in Orlando?” Helen Ubiñas, a columnist for The Philadelphia Inquirer, wrote on June 14. “I’m a gun-enthusiast with a soft spot for military-style rifles?”
“Turns out I don’t need a story. The AR-15 is on display in the window of the gun shop,” she added.
“I traveled to Philadelphia to better understand the firepower of military-style assault weapons and, hopefully, explain their appeal to gun lovers,” Gersh Kuntzman of The New York Daily News explained in a June 14 column. “Frank Stelmach of Double Tap Shooting Range and Gun Shop … has difficulty explaining why law-abiding citizens need a gun that can empty a 40-round clip in less than five seconds.”
Still, Ubiñas, Kuntzman — along with many others on both sides of the argument — left out an important point. Gun-makers have sold variants and derivatives of the AR-15 rifle — such as the MCX — to civilians for more than 50 years.
In this particular case, terminology is important. “AR-15” is a trade name, but one such as “Kleenex” or “Xerox.” It has entered the common lexicon to describe a broad category of weapons based around the same pattern.
Originally meaning “Armalite Rifle 15,” after the original manufacturer, the letters have come to simply represent “automatic rifle” in many people’s minds. With Armalite’s patents long-expired, any company can make AR-15 clones — and they do.
Regardless, both the news media and gun owners commonly refer to hundreds of different variants based on the initial Armalite design simply as “AR-15s,” regardless of a design’s origins or particulars. The M-4 Carbine Is Here to Stay
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Swiss-owned SIG Sauer’s American subsidiary produces the MCX. It shares with other AR-15 derivatives a common lower frame, the part federal law treats as the central element of this broad group of firearms. If you own an AR-15 lower receiver, you own a gun, as far as authorities in Washington are concerned.
With a company-supplied conversion kit, anyone can convert existing AR-15 rifles into MCXs in the privacy of their own home — without needing to be a trained gunsmith, a licensed gun-dealer or a federally-approved manufacturer. At top and above — a civilian handles an AR-15-type rifle during a U.S. Marine Corps recruiting event. U.S. Marine Corps photos
Though ubiquitous today, the Armalite’s lightweight rifle could easily have failed. In 1957, the company had rushed a prototype of an earlier, larger gun to the U.S. Army, in hope of securing a major contract.
During a torture-test at Springfield Armory, the barrel on this experimental AR-10 broke open. Already lobbying hard for their own design, the M-14, the Army’s weaponeers cited the AR-10 incident to help quickly dismiss the rival gun as a viable alternative.
The California gun-manufacturer, then still a division of the Fairchild Engine and Airplane Corporation, went back to the drawing board. Legendary gun-designer Eugene Stoner and his team scaled-down the rifle.
The new AR-15 was a marvel of then-state-of-the-art manufacturing processes and materials. Armalite made the AR-10s and -15s from lightweight aluminum and fiberglass, a break from the wood-and-steel guns of the recent past.
The AR-15 weighs less than eight pounds with a fully loaded 30 round magazine. By comparison, through World War II and Korea, American soldiers lugged the nine-and-a-half-pound M-1 rifle, which held only eight rounds.
The M-1 fired single shots. Armalite’s gun could fire individual rounds or spit out more than 12 rounds per second on fully automatic.
The AR-15 functions by sending some of the gas that propels the bullet down the barrel back through a pipe to force the main mechanism to open, eject the empty cartridge case and get another round ready to fire.
Critics of this design complain that particles in the gas can build up in the gas tube and elsewhere and jam up the gun. Like a number of newer AR-15 clones, the MCX’s cycle moves the action with a physical piston, keeping the gas out of the central parts of the rifle.
Most notably, the gun’s small, .22-caliber cartridge weighed less than did the Army’s older .30-caliber rounds or the 7.62-millimeter ones it adopted afterwards. With the AR-15, troops could carry more ammunition. The new gun didn’t kick nearly as badly as older weapons did.
At the time, the Pentagon was becoming increasingly interested in the possibility that troops might shoot more accurately under the stress of combat with smaller bullets or even tiny darts. The Army was running dozens of experiments on new projectiles — and weapons to go with them.
So a year after the Army rejected the AR-10, Armalite sent the new AR-15 to the ground combat branch for more tests. The response was favorable.
“The United States Army Infantry Board recommends that … [t]he Armalite (AR-15) rifle be considered a potential replacement for the M–14,” a 1958 report explained. Still, having just picked up the M-14, the service wasn’t rushing to buy any new rifles. Colt Firearms image and art
Still, after failing twice to get a U.S. government contract, Armalite clearly worried about finding potential buyers. The company had sold only small numbers of AR-10s to small countries such as Portugal and Sudan. Larger potential sales to Germany and the Netherlands ultimately fell through.
So Armalite sold the rights to both the AR-10 and AR-15 to Colt Firearms, and moved on. Colt continued aggressively marketing the guns to the Pentagon — and to anyone else they could think of.
“Some interested buyers, such as The Philippines, are hamstrung by their military assistance pacts with the U.S.,” firearms expert Daniel Watters notes in a meticulously researched timeline of the rifle and its cartridge. “While the AR-15 is an American rifle, it isn’t a U.S. military-issue rifle; thus, U.S. military aid funds cannot be used to purchase the new rifle.”
By exploiting his personal connections, Colt representative Robert Macdonald did manage to grab the interest of the U.S. Air Force by showing off the AR-15 to Gen. Curtis LeMay at a birthday party for Fairchild’s ex-president Richard Boutelle in July 1960.
Macdonald sold LeMay on the guns by letting the cigar-chewing officer blast watermelons in Boutelle’s backyard. Then in charge of the flying branch’s nuclear bombers, LeMay pushed for the Air Force to buy the rifles for the airmen guarding his planes.
The Air Force became the first major customer for the firearms. But five years after the first AR-10 tests, the Army was still ambivalent on the new rifles. The U.S. Army Had an M-16 Comic Book
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Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara, a technocrat, was more interested in a program to cook up a space-age dart gun coupled with a grenade launcher. McNamara was impressed by the AR-15, but only as a stopgap until the wonder weapons were ready for combat.
So, as the Pentagon and the Army dithered, Colt went in a different direction … and pitched the guns to private shooters. In 1963, advertisements started popping up in magazines such as Guns.
“With Colt’s new AR-15 Sporter, you’re ready for a new hunting adventure,” a full-page spread declared. “If you’re a hunter, camper or collector, you’ll want the AR-15 Sporter.”
Unlike their military counterparts, these guns could only fire single shots. Otherwise, they were functionally the same weapons. The AR-15 Sporter would set you back just shy of $190 — around $1,485 in 2016.
It’s not entirely clear if anyone at the time thought the AR-15 would sell well on the civilian market.
On May 24, HBO’s Real Sports aired an interview with Jim Sullivan, a former Armalite engineer who worked with Stoner on the original AR-15. In the now-controversial segment, Sullivan appeared to suggest the rifle had never been intended for the private market.
“That doesn’t mean I’m not pleased to see AR-15s sell on the civilian market,” Sullivan wrote in a rebuttal on May 31, which also accused HBO of deceptively editing his comments. “It just means I didn’t realize they would, 57 years ago.”
In addition, Sullivan refuted the assertion that the gun’s .22-caliber bullet is particularly deadly. Still, his clarification again left out any mention of Colt’s early efforts to tap the private market. A U.S. Air Force airman instructs a civilian handling an AR-15-type carbine during a safety event. U.S. Air Force photo
But Colt’s decision was not entirely surprising. While the technology behind the AR-15 was a far cry from Revolutionary War muskets or Civil War rifles, the idea of owning a “military-style” firearm was hardly odd, even after World War II.
Historically, private citizens had owned guns similar or identical to military types, simply because that was what was available. War was often the driving factor behind innovative firearms designs, anyway.
At the same time, Colt and McNarama were finally starting to win over the Army. The ground combat branch was considering a version of the gun for its still relatively new Special Forces troops, as well as airborne soldiers and anyone who might need a lightweight rifle.
The Army named its variant “M-16A1.” The Air Force’s gun retroactively became the M-16. Looking to finally sever any ties to Armalite, Colt started selling the military guns as “Colt Automatic Rifle 15s” — a.k.a. “CAR-15s” — and the civilian rifles as “SP-1s.”
McNamara’s super rifle never materialized. By 1966, both the Army and Marine Corps decided to issue M-16s to all troops heading to Vietnam, opening the door for the gun to become the military’s standard firearm.
As it turned out, despite Colt’s marketing blitz, the Connecticut gun-maker was completely unprepared for this success — and couldn’t keep up with demand. The Pentagon had to hire Harrington & Richardson and General Motor’s Hydramatic Division to help out. Buy ‘The M16’
Despite the M-16’s controversial performance early in the Vietnam War, the gun became iconic of that conflict. Updated versions are still the standard infantry weapon for American troops.
And despite of Colt’s production problems, this popularity was reflected in the civilian market. As time went on, the firm incorporated many of the same improvements that it offered the Pentagon into the civilian versions of the weapon.
In 1969, Colt first tried selling to the Pentagon and private buyers a piston-operated AR-15 akin to SIG Sauer’s MCX. At the time, no one was interested — and the company quickly dropped the variant.
By 1985, Colt had produced more than 200,000 SP-1s. As suggested in the company’s first advertisements, private citizens bought the guns for competition shooting, hunting, self-defense and simple novelty.
After the company’s exclusive rights to the design expired, gun-makers big and small jumped on the AR-15 bandwagon. Dozens of other manufacturers now make a plethora of versions with a host of different features, each under their own specific names.
Colt still owns the AR-15 trademark and eventually revived the moniker for its civilian line. The SP-1 is long gone. The current iteration of the Armalite company now calls its guns “M-15s.”
As public perception and gun laws changed, so did the rifles themselves. Colt eventually added new features to make it difficult to convert an AR-15 to fire on full automatic without significant work.
Under the 1994 assault-weapons ban, AR-15-makers had to remove certain features — such as a place to attach a bayonet or a flash hider at the end of the barrel. But the basic design went essentially unchanged in most cases.
On top of that, the legislation grandfathered-in older guns, which commanded a premium on the private market before the law expired a decade later. AR-15s never left the civilian marketplace.
Unfortunately, the popularity and ubiquity of AR-15s increasingly made them a central feature in mass shootings. On July 20, 2012, James Holmes killed 12 people and injured 70 at a movie theater in Aurora, Colorado. He wielded a Smith and Wesson M&P15.
Fewer than six months later, Adam Lanza murdered more than two dozen people — including 20 children — at an elementary school in Newtown, Connecticut. His weapon was a Bushmaster XM-15. In December 2014, victims’ families filed a civil lawsuit against Bushmaster and its parent company Remington.
Despite the bad press, as Ubiñas and Kuntzman found, the rifles are still selling strong after five decades.
Interesting bit of history for those unfamiliar
#1: BobCeleste To: Stoner (#0)
BobCeleste posted on 2016-06-22 11:01:48 Reply Private Reply
#2: Stoner To: BobCeleste (#1)
I have never shot one. I knew a guy that had one in 9mm. He really liked it. If I were going to get one, I would get the .45 Does the .45 use proprietary mags?
For home, inside I like a shotgun. A 20 ga, has less wall penetration. Outside, then I like a 12 ga, or a rifle. I have a "ready rack" in my room, and depending on the threat will grab whichever is most appropriate. Pistol, I like either a 1911, or a S&W 686. On my belt I will have spare mags or speed loaders. The shotguns I have sidesaddles with spare rounds, but also have bandoleers handy. For the rifles, I will have a mag pouchs on a shoulder strap. Whichever weapon I grab, I will have spare ammo I grab at the same time. I do not intend to run out of ammo until the threat has been neutalized.
At our house, wife & kids are armed in the same fashion. We all operate with the same ROE. IF THUGS, BLM'S, muzzies, whoever comes to our humble home, with ill intent, they will quickly realize they picked the wrong house.
Stay safe my friend, & watch your 6.
Stoner posted on 2016-06-22 12:11:10 Reply Private Reply
#3: misterwhite To: Stoner (#0)
What if you're asked why you bought a 4,000 square foot house? Nike shoes? A Lexus? A boat?
Why? Because this is America, that's why. You can buy what you want and you don't have to explain it to anyone.
misterwhite posted on 2016-06-22 12:14:54 Reply Private Reply
#4: misterwhite To: BobCeleste (#1)
I might get one when the price drops below $100. Then use it to beat the bad guy with.
misterwhite posted on 2016-06-22 12:58:43 Reply Private Reply
#5: tpaine To: Stoner (#2)
10ga, 12, or 20ga, -- all have roughly the same ballistics in field loads. -- The only difference is in pellet count.
They'll all penetrate sheet rock walls approximately the same, like they aren't even there. (Buckshot, that is)
tpaine posted on 2016-06-22 13:03:16 Reply Private Reply
#6: Stoner To: misterwhite (#3)
Agree completely.
Stoner posted on 2016-06-22 13:08:22 Reply Private Reply
#7: tpaine To: misterwhite, lies again, Y'ALL (#3)
Unless you live in California, or one of the other States misterwhite claims have the power to bann guns..
Misterwhite = gungrabbing hypocrite
tpaine posted on 2016-06-22 13:08:53 Reply Private Reply
#8: Stoner To: tpaine (#5)
True. I do not have one piece of sheet rock in my house.
Stoner posted on 2016-06-22 13:11:17 Reply Private Reply
#9: tpaine To: Stoner (#6)
Stoner, why do you agree with this gungrabbing creep?
He's been making the same 'States power' over gun rights agitprop for over 15 years now.. Do you believe him?
tpaine posted on 2016-06-22 13:16:02 Reply Private Reply
#10: Stoner To: tpaine (#9)
I only agree with the statement: " Why? Because this is America, that's why. You can buy what you want and you don't have to explain it to anyone. " Do you disagree with that statement? I didn't think so.
Now, start talking about confiscating my weapons, that is a whole different matter, and I can assure, who ever tries will find the "discussion" quite ugly and bloody! I do not care what the argument used to justify! Where ever I am will be their Little Big Horn !
Stoner posted on 2016-06-22 13:37:34 Reply Private Reply
#11: GrandIsland To: tpaine (#7)
You and your peers pay that state well for their servitude in the form of some of the highest property tax rates in the country. Why would your state ever consider doing anything different when you tools just stay there AND PAY THEM TAXES for their chains?
GrandIsland posted on 2016-06-25 07:11:25 Reply Private Reply
#12: tpaine To: GrandIsland defends gungrabber misterwhite (#11)
Unless you live in California, or one of the other States misterwhite claims have the power to bann guns..
Misterwhite = gungrabbing hypocrite
Nope. Prop13 limited properly taxes long ago. Your effort to defend a gungrabbing fool is stupid.
They tax, we cheat, and we will prevail.
tpaine posted on 2016-06-25 11:04:42 Reply Private Reply
#13: GrandIsland To: tpaine (#12)
Keep telling yourself that horseshit. Fact is, you voluntarily live in the state with the highest taxes, most regulations, most restrictive gun laws, highest populations of illegals, gangs, addicts and serial killers... not to mention transtesticle faggots... and you still defend all that by hanging your Paultard hat there. It's you that is the hypocrite.
GrandIsland posted on 2016-06-25 12:09:05 Reply Private Reply
#14: Gatlin To: GrandIsland (#13)
Not surprising because Kookifornia ranks 3rd worst in freedom.
The main problem with the Kookifornia idiots is they are so dumb that they keep electing the same people to political offices and therefore they get the government they deserve.
Gatlin posted on 2016-06-25 13:34:55 Reply Private Reply
#15: tpaine To: Gatlin, grandisland, and all you statists, who give States the power to bann guns (#14)
The republicans/conservatives in California are greatly outnumbered by canary clowns like you two statist/authoritarians..
But come the revolution, clowns like you two will die like flies, and we the patriots will inherit a great piece of land..
Eat your hearts out, if you have any.
tpaine posted on 2016-06-25 14:01:43 Reply Private Reply
#16: GrandIsland To: Gatlin (#14)
He's a hipocractical tool. Everyone knows what a Nazi state that shit hole is that he voluntarily lives in. He likes to compare his patriotism to others that post here... yet he isn't committed to the cause like I was. I MOVED from servitude NY because I refused to fund the chains that bound me. I moved from every relative I have... my friends, coworkers and children... while that shithead funds KOOKIFORNIA while he gives his little constitutional tests towards other posters.
GrandIsland posted on 2016-06-25 14:16:57 Reply Private Reply
#17: GrandIsland To: tpaine (#15)
You mean patriot tpaine that continued to bend over and say "thank you sir, may I have another" as the governor of that shit hole enters you dry... causing you to bite the pillow?
You make me laugh. Revolution my ass. You scumbags will stay in servitude... and pay what you bitches are asked to pay
GrandIsland posted on 2016-06-25 14:21:03 Reply Private Reply
#18: tpaine To: GrandIsland (#17)
And I wouldn't doubt that they all cheered.
--- come the revolution, clowns like you two will die like flies, and we the patriots will inherit a great piece of land.
.
Your homo fantasies are laughable, queer boy. Go suck off some of your canary buddies.
tpaine posted on 2016-06-25 14:33:43 Reply Private Reply
#19: GrandIsland To: tpaine (#18)
Your Schtick
GrandIsland posted on 2016-06-25 14:53:47 Reply Private Reply
#20: Deckard To: GrandIsland, tpaine (#16)
"Commited to the cause"? You mean the cause of cowardice? Typical pussy - turn tail and run instead of staying and fighting for your freedoms.
Where are you going to slink off to when the entire nation becomes as tyrannical as Cali?
Deckard posted on 2016-06-25 15:03:48 Reply Private Reply
#21: GrandIsland To: Deckard (#20)
Fighting? Like pulling out your wallet and paying property and sales tax rates, some of the highest in the nation for Nazi type gun laws? Is that how a Paultard "fights"?
You do realize that when you assholes challenge the state... they use the money YOU GIVE THEM to kick your asses in court. YOU help them chain you. lol
GrandIsland posted on 2016-06-25 15:07:44 Reply Private Reply
#22: Deckard To: GrandIsland (#21)
All hail the Almighty State...so sayeth GrandIsland.
Cowardly views like yours deserve to be mocked at every opportunity,
Deckard posted on 2016-06-25 15:17:47 Reply Private Reply
#23: GrandIsland To: Deckard (#22)
Dumb shit, here's a news flash. You can't "fight" a state by funding them. You must bankrupt them by leaving only welfare, drug addicts, criminals and libtards behind.
GrandIsland posted on 2016-06-25 15:23:43 Reply Private Reply
#24: tpaine To: GrandIsland (#19)
Thanks for finally admitting that you're a queer boy..
I was here when California was a republican state, and I'll be damned if a bunch of statist queers like you, tell me I can't live here.
You're batshit crazy with your hate, and I'll bet it's because of your homosexual self disgust.
tpaine posted on 2016-06-25 16:48:41 Reply Private Reply
#25: GrandIsland To: tpaine (#24)
Hypocrite... keep sending your state monitory rewards for your vast criminal statutes outlawing most guns that are legal everywhere else. After all, someone has to pay all the cops for enforcing those laws you hate. lol
GrandIsland posted on 2016-06-25 20:24:48 Reply Private Reply
#26: tpaine To: GrandIsland (#25)
I was here when California was a republican state, and I'll be damned if a bunch of statist queers like you, tell me I can't live here.
You're batshit crazy with your hate, and I'll bet it's because of your homosexual self disgust.
Paying taxes is NOT rewarding the queers, like you, that have taken over this State politically.
But hey, keep ranting about it, --as it makes you look even more the fool.
tpaine posted on 2016-06-27 11:59:23 Reply Private Reply
#27: GrandIsland To: tpaine (#26)
Where do you think the money comes from to fund illegal alien benefits, lawsuits defended against the Nazi state, payroll for Nazi kookifornia libtarded judges that will rule on the constitutionality of a gun laws, the police that enforce your Nazi laws and the high priced salaries of those career libtarded scumbag politicians that aren't content in life unless they are given the ability to make you live the way they see fit.
Trust me, shit stain, you pay for your chains.
GrandIsland posted on 2016-06-27 18:31:05 Reply Private Reply
#28: tpaine To: GrandIsland (#27)
Trust me, shit humper, you'll pay for your perversions.
tpaine posted on 2016-06-27 18:37:26 Reply Private Reply