Ted Cruz is Not Eligible to run for president: A Harvard Law professor close-reads the Constitution
The closer you study the Constitution, the weaker Ted Cruz's case squares with the actual meaning of "natural-born"
Einer Elhauge
Topics: Ted Cruz, Elections 2016, Editor's Picks, Donald Trump, Natural-born citizen, Can Ted Cruz be president, Can Ted Cruz run for president, constitution, aol_on, Business News, Life News, News, Politics News
(Credit: Reuters/Chris Keane)
The argument that Ted Cruz is eligible to run for president initially looked strong, then probable but uncertain. But closer examination shows it is surprisingly weak.
The constitutional text provides that a president, unlike other elected officials, must be a natural born citizen. This language could not mean anyone born a citizen or else the text would have simply stated born citizen. The word natural is a limiting qualifier that indicates only some persons who are born citizens qualify. Moreover, when the Constitution was enacted, the word natural meant something not created by statute, as with natural rights or natural law, which instead were part of the common law.
At common law, natural born meant someone born within the sovereign territory with one narrow exception. The exception was for children of public officials serving abroad, which does not help Cruz because his parents were not serving the United States when he was born in Canada. The case of John McCain was entirely different because he was born in a U.S. territory (the Panama Canal Zone) and to U.S. parents who were serving the U.S. military.
The argument for Cruz rests on some old statutes, namely English statutes enacted before the U.S. Constitution and U.S. statutes enacted just after. But neither turns out to be persuasive on closer examination.
The English statutes extended natural-born status to persons born abroad whose father was any English subject, rather than only a public official. Some argue that the constitutional framers meant to refer to this statutory redefinition of the term natural born. But that position contradicts the ordinary meaning that the word natural indicates a non-statutory meaning. Moreover, Prof. Mary McManamon offers convincing evidence that the Framers meant the common law meaning. James Madison himself said in 1789 that the U.S. used the place of birth rather than parentage. In any event, Cruzs father was not a U.S. citizen when he was born (again unlike McCain), so these English statutes do not help Cruz.
The U.S. statute in 1790 provided that children of citizens of the United States that are born abroad shall be considered as natural born Citizens. This has been thought the strongest evidence for Cruzs position since so many 1790 congressmen had participated in the Constitutional Convention. However, this statute did not say these children were natural-born citizens. It instead carefully said they shall be considered as natural-born citizens, suggesting that Congress thought they were not natural-born citizens but should be treated as such. Indeed, there would have been no need to pass the statute if they were already understood to be natural-born citizens.
Further, when this Act was reconsidered in a few years, Madison himself pointed out that Congress only had constitutional authority to naturalize aliens, not U.S. citizens, and reported a bill that amended the statute to eliminate the words natural born and simply state that the children of citizens of the United States born abroad shall be considered as citizens. This indicates that Madisons view was that children born abroad of U.S. citizens were naturally aliens, rather than natural born citizens, and thus could be naturalized by Congressional statute but should not be called natural born. Congress adopted this amendment in 1795.
#46: Roscoe To: ConservingFreedom (#44)
Or the issue being discussed.
Roscoe posted on 2016-04-07 10:19:29 Reply Private Reply
#47: ConservingFreedom To: Roscoe (#33)
I'll take the Court's reasoning over your say-so: "Due process of law, as applied to judicial proceedings instituted for the taking of private property for public use means. therefore, such process as recognizes the right of the owner to be compensated if his property be wrested from him and transferred to the public. The mere form of the proceeding instituted against the owner, even if he be admitted to defend, cannot convert the process used into due proces of law, if the necessary result be to deprive him of his property without compensation."
ConservingFreedom posted on 2016-04-07 10:19:53 Reply Private Reply
#48: Roscoe To: ConservingFreedom (#47)
The 14th Amend. says nothing about eminent domain. Or incorporation.
And the Court's reasoning in Kelo laughed at your position.
Roscoe posted on 2016-04-07 10:22:30 Reply Private Reply
#49: misterwhite To: ConservingFreedom (#45)
You said that case was decided before the 14th amendment. What's relevant is that you were wrong.
misterwhite posted on 2016-04-07 10:26:15 Reply Private Reply
#50: Roscoe To: misterwhite (#49)
Roscoe posted on 2016-04-07 10:30:56 Reply Private Reply
#51: ConservingFreedom To: Roscoe (#33)
That may be one of its effects - a broader effect, as stated in the dissent which Scalia (and Thomas) joined, is that 'To reason, as the Court does, that the incidental public benefits resulting from the subsequent ordinary use of private property render economic development takings "for public use" is to wash out any distinction between private and public use of property--and thereby effectively to delete the words "for public use" from the Takings Clause of the Fifth Amendment.' And this is so for its application to federal action as well, since nothing in the ruling excludes that.
ConservingFreedom posted on 2016-04-07 10:50:17 Reply Private Reply
#52: ConservingFreedom To: misterwhite (#49)
Did I? In which post and with exactly what words?
ConservingFreedom posted on 2016-04-07 10:51:53 Reply Private Reply
#53: ConservingFreedom To: Roscoe (#48)
I'll take the Court's reasoning over your say-so: "Due process of law, as applied to judicial proceedings instituted for the taking of private property for public use means. therefore, such process as recognizes the right of the owner to be compensated if his property be wrested from him and transferred to the public. The mere form of the proceeding instituted against the owner, even if he be admitted to defend, cannot convert the process used into due process of law, if the necessary result be to deprive him of his property without compensation."
Wrong as usual - Kelo in no way contradicts that compensation is required when a state exercises eminent domain, but broadens the meaning of "public use" that is a requirement for a state to exercise eminent domain.
ConservingFreedom posted on 2016-04-07 10:56:54 Reply Private Reply
#54: ConservingFreedom To: Roscoe (#50)
Your blatant and clumsy lies are just flat bizarre.
ConservingFreedom posted on 2016-04-07 10:57:28 Reply Private Reply
#55: ConservingFreedom To: misterwhite (#43)
The Court ruled in 1897, "Due process of law, as applied to judicial proceedings instituted for the taking of private property for public use means. therefore, such process as recognizes the right of the owner to be compensated if his property be wrested from him and transferred to the public. The mere form of the proceeding instituted against the owner, even if he be admitted to defend, cannot convert the process used into due process of law, if the necessary result be to deprive him of his property without compensation." - CHICAGO, B. & Q. R. CO. v. CITY OF CHICAGO
ConservingFreedom posted on 2016-04-07 11:00:32 Reply Private Reply
#56: Roscoe To: ConservingFreedom (#54)
Roscoe posted on 2016-04-07 11:16:56 Reply Private Reply
#57: ConservingFreedom To: Roscoe (#56)
ConservingFreedom posted on 2016-04-07 11:20:06 Reply Private Reply
#58: Roscoe To: ConservingFreedom (#55)
That ruling does not apply the Bill of Rights to the states. It applies the 14th Amendment's EXPLICIT due process requirement on the states to the states.
Are you really that dim?
Roscoe posted on 2016-04-07 11:21:43 Reply Private Reply
#59: Roscoe To: ConservingFreedom (#57)
Roscoe posted on 2016-04-07 11:23:12 Reply Private Reply
#60: ConservingFreedom To: Roscoe (#59)
OK, so it was a non sequitur. (It was, by the by, relevant to your earlier claim, "He's [Trump] more of an originalist than Scalia was." Originalists support enforcing even those amendments not authored by the Framers and Founders.)
ConservingFreedom posted on 2016-04-07 11:31:22 Reply Private Reply
#61: Roscoe To: ConservingFreedom (#51)
The Fifth Amendment applied to the federal government, not the states. OConnor's argument (odd that you left her name off) was premised on a position contrary to fact. BTW, Scalia didn't write a dissent. Beyond that, it was a policy argument. Legislative bodies set policy.
Roscoe posted on 2016-04-07 11:31:41 Reply Private Reply
#62: Roscoe To: ConservingFreedom (#60)
Enforce the Fifth Amendment to your heart's content. It wasn't a restriction on the states, and neither was it the source of the state's inherent eminent domain and police powers. You keep trying to assume your false premise.
Roscoe posted on 2016-04-07 11:35:20 Reply Private Reply
#63: ConservingFreedom To: Roscoe (#58)
And in so applying also applies the Fifth Amendment's Takings Clause.
ConservingFreedom posted on 2016-04-07 11:36:52 Reply Private Reply
#64: Roscoe To: ConservingFreedom (#63)
The Court rejected your penumbral emanation.
Roscoe posted on 2016-04-07 11:38:46 Reply Private Reply
#65: ConservingFreedom To: Roscoe (#61)
The Fourteenth applied to the states.
Which part of "joined" did you not undestand?
ConservingFreedom posted on 2016-04-07 11:39:27 Reply Private Reply
#66: ConservingFreedom To: Roscoe (#64)
Clearly you're wrong.
ConservingFreedom posted on 2016-04-07 11:41:24 Reply Private Reply
#67: Roscoe To: ConservingFreedom (#65)
Was that deliberate?
Roscoe posted on 2016-04-07 11:46:26 Reply Private Reply
#68: ConservingFreedom To: Roscoe (#62)
And also the Fourteenth?
ConservingFreedom posted on 2016-04-07 11:47:51 Reply Private Reply
#69: ConservingFreedom To: Roscoe (#67)
That he joined. Look into a remedial reading course.
ConservingFreedom posted on 2016-04-07 11:49:32 Reply Private Reply
#70: Roscoe To: ConservingFreedom (#66)
"And in so applying also applies the Fifth Amendment's Takings Clause" appears nowhere in the 1897 decision.
Tsk, tsk, tsk.
Roscoe posted on 2016-04-07 11:51:24 Reply Private Reply
#71: Roscoe To: ConservingFreedom (#69)
You didn't name O'Connor, just Scalia.
Transparent dishonesty.
Roscoe posted on 2016-04-07 11:52:38 Reply Private Reply
#72: Roscoe To: ConservingFreedom (#68)
Have you already forgotten what is actually says?
Nothing about eminent domain there.Roscoe posted on 2016-04-07 11:54:30 Reply Private Reply
#73: ConservingFreedom To: Roscoe (#71)
Transparent nonsense - O'Connor, unlike Scalia, had not previously been mentioned on this thread and is of no clear relevance.
ConservingFreedom posted on 2016-04-07 12:20:23 Reply Private Reply
#74: Roscoe To: ConservingFreedom (#73)
The author of the dissent.
For shame.
Roscoe posted on 2016-04-07 12:24:31 Reply Private Reply
#75: ConservingFreedom To: Roscoe (#70)
However, the "it took the U.S. Supreme Court 100 years" claim (not yours) is still wrong - from Gitlow v. New York (1925): "For present purposes we may and do assume that freedom of speech and of the press - which are protected by the First Amendment from abridgment by Congress - are among the fundamental personal rights and 'liberties' protected by the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment from impairment by the States."
ConservingFreedom posted on 2016-04-07 12:26:34 Reply Private Reply
#76: ConservingFreedom To: Roscoe (#74)
Which is relevant to the current exchange how?
ConservingFreedom posted on 2016-04-07 12:27:10 Reply Private Reply
#77: Roscoe To: ConservingFreedom (#75)
A horrific bit of judicial legislation. Now the First Amendment means that federal judges may ban prayer in local schools, may crowbar the Ten Commandments off of state courthouse walls, may seize Nativity Scenes in the town square, that pro- life activists may be arrested for praying near abortuaries, etc.
Roscoe posted on 2016-04-07 12:32:32 Reply Private Reply
#78: Roscoe To: ConservingFreedom (#76)
How is Scalia's joining a dissent by [the name you refuse to state] relevant to the current exchange?
Roscoe posted on 2016-04-07 12:34:02 Reply Private Reply
#79: ConservingFreedom To: Roscoe (#77)
Those abominations required not only incorporation but also the inversion/perversion of "freedom of religion" into "freedom from religion" - and it's clear to me which is the more intrinsically objectionable.
Gitlow, while not as far as I can see making a positive argument for incorporation, does note that Patterson v. Colorado, 205 U.S. 454 (1907) raised the question and left it undecided. So at least that early, the door was left open for incorporation.
ConservingFreedom posted on 2016-04-07 13:38:01 Reply Private Reply
#80: ConservingFreedom To: Roscoe (#78)
ConservingFreedom posted on 2016-04-07 13:40:33 Reply Private Reply
#81: Roscoe To: ConservingFreedom (#80)
A low standard.
Roscoe posted on 2016-04-07 13:43:19 Reply Private Reply
#82: ConservingFreedom To: Roscoe (#81)
ConservingFreedom posted on 2016-04-07 14:13:33 Reply Private Reply
#83: Roscoe To: ConservingFreedom (#82)
Roscoe posted on 2016-04-07 14:18:34 Reply Private Reply
#84: BobCeleste To: lana (#0)
www.mainetv.net/nbc.htm
BobCeleste posted on 2016-04-08 10:53:02 Reply Private Reply
#85: ConservingFreedom To: BobCeleste (#84)
"In the Venus Case, Justice Livingston, who wrote the unanimous decision, quoted the entire §212nd paragraph from the French edition, using his own English, on p. 12 of the ruling:"
That quotation was from Marshall's dissent and was in the context of inquiring "how far the writers on that law consider the subjects of one power residing within the territory of another, as retaining their original character or partaking of the character of the nation in which they reside" - nothing to do with natural born citizens.
I don't have furhter time to waste on such poorly researched material.
ConservingFreedom posted on 2016-04-08 11:16:24 Reply Private Reply
#86: nolu chan To: lana (#0)
http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/new-yorkers-seek-court-order-ted-cruz-ballot-article-1.2536639
http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/judge-decide-fate-ted-cruz-state-primary-ballot-article-1.2552184
http://www.lawyerherald.com/articles/37622/20160308/ny-supreme-court-judge-ted-cruz-ballot-status.htm
http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2016/03/01/judge-dismisses-ted-cruz-illinois-citizenship-lawsuit/81153054/
nolu chan posted on 2016-04-08 12:58:32 Reply Private Reply
#87: BobCeleste To: ConservingFreedom (#85)
Cruz epitomizes the worst in both Clinton and Obama, he is a sex deviant and a illegal alien.
Demand Cruz unseal his records and produce a CRBA with his name on it, issued by the USA when he was born in Canada.
Those that oppose the birther talk never present US Supreme Court cases, we who oppose Cruz based on his ineligibility, do.
Folks, the US Constitution, like the bible is not about picking and choosing which parts you like, it is take it 1005 or you will have none of it.
Article Two, Section Two, subsection Five is clear, one must be a Natural Born Citizen to be President of these Untied States. Cruz does not qualify.
www.mainetv.net/col_lawre nce_sellin_001.htm
www.mainetv.net/jim_buzzell_001.h tm
www.mainetv.net/nbc.htm
www.mainetv.net/jlagrayfox.htm
BobCeleste posted on 2016-04-08 16:32:36 Reply Private Reply
#88: A K A Stone To: BobCeleste (#87)
The sex allegation is an allegation. You or I don't know if it is true.
He isn't an illegal alien. That doesn't mean he is a natural born citizen though.
In my view he isn't. I have to say that to be consistent because I said the same of Obama.
A K A Stone posted on 2016-04-08 16:44:40 Reply Private Reply
#89: ConservingFreedom To: BobCeleste (#87)
And, as I showed, you get them wrong.
ConservingFreedom posted on 2016-04-08 17:17:14 Reply Private Reply
#90: A K A Stone To: ConservingFreedom (#89)
No you didn't show that. You talked about laws. If a law had to be passed that is not natural born.
A K A Stone posted on 2016-04-08 17:18:58 Reply Private Reply
#91: ConservingFreedom To: A K A Stone (#90)
I did? In which post(s)?
ConservingFreedom posted on 2016-04-08 17:23:22 Reply Private Reply
#92: A K A Stone To: ConservingFreedom (#91)
A K A Stone posted on 2016-04-08 17:24:00 Reply Private Reply
#93: BobCeleste To: A K A Stone (#88)
Really? If he had no CRBA, The childs parents should contact the nearest U.S. Embassy or Consulate to apply for a Consular Report of Birth Abroad of a Citizen of the United States of America (CRBA) to document that the child is a U.S. citizen.
He had no passport, so how did he get from Canada to the USA?
If no CRBA and no Passport, what is he?
Let me help you, he is an illegal alien.
BobCeleste posted on 2016-04-10 13:11:03 Reply Private Reply
#94: BobCeleste To: ConservingFreedom (#89)
You did no such thing, what you did was give em some garbage about a decision from an inferior court, a ruling worth less than the paper is written on.
BobCeleste posted on 2016-04-10 13:12:37 Reply Private Reply
#95: ConservingFreedom To: BobCeleste (#94)
You've confused me with someone else - one of the many things you're confused about. I showed that YOUR link got SEVERAL facts wrong about the FIRST Supreme Court case it cited.
ConservingFreedom posted on 2016-04-10 15:11:25 Reply Private Reply