Judicial Supremacy Has Its Limits
The Courts decisions are not binding on the executive and congressional branches.
By John Yoo July 6, 2015 - National Review
---- the Supreme Court cannot finally determine any fundamental constitutional dispute. Claims of judicial supremacy have appeared before, ranging from the odious (Dred Scotts defense of slavery) to the courageous (Brown v. Board of Educations condemnation of segregation). But these views mistake the Courts right to decide cases or controversies under the Constitution for supremacy in its interpretation.
Many of our greatest leaders have understood that, in a self-governing republic, the people and not the courts must settle fundamental constitutional issues. President Abraham Lincoln, for example, believed that Dred Scott only decided a controversy between two parties before the court and could not bind the president and other officials. If the policy of the government upon vital questions affecting the whole people is to be irrevocably fixed by the decisions of the Supreme Court, Lincoln wrote in his first Inaugural Address, the people will have ceased to be their rulers. Instead, the people will have practically resigned their government into the hands of that eminent tribunal. Lincoln was right: the Civil War, not the Supreme Court, resolved the question of slavery.
While the Constitution does not grant the federal courts the final word, it implicitly gives the courts a right to interpret the Constitution. As Chief Justice John Marshall famously observed in Marbury v. Madison, which established the power of judicial review, it is emphatically the province and duty of the judicial department to say what the law is. When judges confront a case where one side relies on a federal statute and the other on the Constitution, they must choose the Constitution as the higher law and put aside the act of Congress. The judiciarys power to interpret the Constitution derives from its responsibility to decide cases and controversies under federal law.
But the Constitution does not vest the courts with the exclusive right to interpret its meaning. It nowhere says that the Courts reading of the Constitution bears superiority over the other branches of government. As Thomas Jefferson wrote to Abigail Adams in 1804 to explain his decision to drop existing prosecutions under the Sedition Act, nothing in the Constitution has given [the judiciary] a right to decide for the Executive, more than to the executive to decide for them. Both magistracies are equally independent in the sphere of action assigned to them. Indeed, the separation of powers means that the legislature and the executive also must interpret the Constitution in the course of performing their own unique functions. Congress should not pass bills that violate its understanding of the Constitution; the president should not sign bills that violate his.
Rather than give any one branch the final word, the Constitution creates three branches that can compete over its meaning. The separation of powers means not only that the President, Congress, and the Supreme Court are separate, but that they are also independent of one another. According to Jefferson, the opinion which gives to the judges the right to decide what laws are constitutional, and what are not, not only for themselves in their own sphere of action, but for the Legislature & Executive also, in their spheres, would make the judiciary a despotic branch.
John Yoo is the Emanuel S. Heller Professor of Law at the University of California at Berkeley and a visiting scholar at the American Enterprise Institute. A former Bush Justice Department official, he is the author, most recently, of Point of Attack: Preventive War, International Law, and Global Welfare (Oxford 2014).
#1: ConservingFreedom To: tpaine (#0)
So what's the bottom line: a court ruling can put aside an act of Congress only for the parties in that particular case? If, say, the court rules that the Constitution overrides the Controlled Substances Act for Joe Smith, I have to bring my own case to get an analogous ruling for me? Sounds nutty.
ConservingFreedom posted on 2016-03-27 19:05:56 Reply Private Reply
#2: tpaine To: ConservingFreedom (#1)
No. If the SCOTUS decides an act of congress is unconstitutional, it applies to everyone.
Congress's only recourse is to rewrite the act, or -- congress and the executive can refuse to enforce the SCOTUS opinion.
tpaine posted on 2016-03-28 17:15:15 Reply Private Reply
#3: ConservingFreedom To: tpaine (#2)
Does "refusal to enforce" include continuing to enforce laws that SCOTUS rules Congress had no authority to enact? If so, in what meaningful sense can SCOTUS "put aside an act of Congress"?
ConservingFreedom posted on 2016-03-28 17:47:20 Reply Private Reply
#4: tpaine To: ConservingFreedom (#3)
No. If the SCOTUS decides an act of congress is unconstitutional, it applies to everyone.
Congress's only recourse is to rewrite the act, or -- congress and the executive can refuse to enforce a SCOTUS opinion that a specific law is unconstitutional.
Yep, both fed/state/local govts routinely enforce unconstitutional 'laws'. ---- It is up to the courts then, -- to refuse to prosecute and have trials of such 'laws'.
tpaine posted on 2016-03-28 18:37:54 Reply Private Reply
#5: ConservingFreedom To: tpaine (#4)
ConservingFreedom posted on 2016-03-28 18:59:19 Reply Private Reply
#6: tpaine To: ConservingFreedom, vicomte 13, nolu chan, Y'ALL (#5)
I'm surprised our naysayers haven't put in their two cents...
tpaine posted on 2016-03-28 19:10:47 Reply Private Reply
#7: nolu chan To: tpaine (#0)
John "Testicle Crusher" Yoo also believes it is lawful for the president to order the crushing of a child's testicles in a vise to encourage the watching parent to give up information.
nolu chan posted on 2016-03-29 01:31:17 Reply Private Reply
#8: tpaine To: nolu chan (#7)
Unable to refute the above fact; -- nolu attacks the author for his views on presidential (ballbreaking) powers.
Poor nolu, reduced to ballbreaking hype...
tpaine posted on 2016-03-29 11:04:29 Reply Private Reply
#9: nolu chan To: tpaine (#8)
The claim is complete, total, utter bullshit, attributed to one asshole.
Ex parte Milligan, 71 US 2, 120-121 (1866).
nolu chan posted on 2016-03-29 15:17:27 Reply Private Reply
#10: tpaine To: nolu chan (#9)
And your quote below agrees with the above. --- Even though you don't know it, poor dolt...
tpaine posted on 2016-03-29 16:16:13 Reply Private Reply
#11: nolu chan To: tpaine (#10)
Actually, you are a hopeless idiot. However, it it makes you feel better to liv e in the fantastical world of the tpaine Court of the Imagination, by all means continue to blather your bullshit.
The case in point resulted in a unanimous decision overruling the claimed authority of the Executive Branch.
And valid legal text on Constitutional Law will readily verify that you are full of shit, which is never a surprise. To select just one, there is Kathleen M. Sullivan and Gerald Gunther, Constitutional Law, 17th Edition, Foundation Press, 2010 which demonstrates that SCOTUS constitutional decisions are binding on the Congressional branches.
At 21:
nolu chan posted on 2016-03-29 20:11:25 Reply Private Reply
#12: tpaine To: nolu chan (#11)
Read much, you idiot? The article in effect agrees with the above quote:---
tpaine posted on 2016-03-30 00:19:50 Reply Private Reply
#13: nolu chan To: tpaine (#12)
John "Testicle Crusher" Yoo.
A real legal text on Constitutional law.
In the real world, Hillary does not get to decide whether tell the court to stuff it up its ass regarding the email on her private server. The Court decides.
Ditto for Richard Nixon and the tapes brought to light by Alexander Butterworth.
Marbury v. Madison as remained good law since 1803. That fact that you (and John Yoo) don't like it has not overturned it.
nolu chan posted on 2016-03-30 00:37:19 Reply Private Reply
#14: tpaine To: nolu chan (#13)
So you claim..
In the real world, scotus does not get to decide whether to tell the congress to stuff it up its ass regarding the meaning of the Constitution.
0ur constitution speaks for itself.
tpaine posted on 2016-03-30 00:55:41 Reply Private Reply