Technology wins wars. The technologically advanced civilization generally wins out over the less advanced civilization. The almost cliché example of this is the Spanish Conquistadors rapid conquest of central American civilization. The Conquistadors were greeting like gods as they emerged from the sea. Disease played a tremendous part too, but it was gun powder and steel that won day. The bronze age weaponry and technology gave way to iron age civilizations as iron swords sliced through bronze swords. Alexander’s phalanx steam rolled less organize armies. The military technology and engineering of the Roman legions marched through the Mediterranean world. The advanced technology of mounted soldiers replaced the infantry as most evidenced by the Mongolian Hordes mastering the bow and arrow while mounted. Cross bows replaced long bows and gun powder replaced the bow and arrow. Artillery gave way to trench warfare, which gave way to mechanization, and on it goes.
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