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Title: 'Mountain of God' Volcano Preparing to Erupt
Source:
National Geographic
URL Source: http://news.nationalgeographic.com/ ... uption-ancient-humans-science/
Published: Jul 13, 2017
Author: Michael Greshko
Post Date: 2017-07-15 18:23:14 by cranky
Keywords: None
Views: 6804
Comments: 35
The East African peak looms over a modern city as well as three major sites featuring signs of early humans. An aerial view shows erosion on Ol Doinyo Lengai volcano, Tanzania. An active volcano in northeastern Tanzania known to the Maasai as the “Mountain of God” has been quietly rumbling—and it is showing signs that an eruption is imminent. Known as Ol Doinyo Lengai, the 7,650-foot-tall peak is the only known active volcano that belches out lava rich with a type of rock called carbonatite. This thin, silvery lava can flow faster than a person can run. (Read more about the volcano from our January 2003 issue.) The volcano is some 70 miles from the city of Arusha and is known for its proximity to some of the world’s most important paleoanthropological sites. Ol Doinyo Lengai is less than 70 miles from the famed Olduvai Gorge, a collection of 3.6-million-year-old hominin footprints at a site called Laetoli, and a “dance hall” of ancient Homo sapiens footprints at a site called Engare Sero. D. Sarah Stamps, a geophysicist at Virginia Tech, has been partnering with local academics to try and predict the next major eruption. In June 2016, she and her colleagues installed five positioning sensors around Ol Doinyo Lengai in the hopes of tracking how magma’s underground churn is deforming the volcano’s surface. In concert with Tanzania’s Ardhi University and South Korea’s KIGAM, Stamps has set up a monitoring system that collects data on the volcano’s activity in real time. On January 17, 2017, Stamps saw a shudder in the data streaming from one monitoring station—a sign that, far from merely rumbling, parts of the volcano were lifting upward. “Several subsequent signals were also seen in real-time with additional on-the-ground observations by our local technician,” Stamps says. “These signals prompted rapid responses by our team to install three new real-time stations”—a project funded by the National Geographic Society. (Since 2012, the National Geographic Society has committed more than $400,000 to researching volcanoes. Find out more.) Based on the data they are seeing, Stamps and her colleagues warn that an eruption seems to be on the horizon. “Imminent in our case means in one second, in a few weeks, a couple of months, or a year or more,” she says in an email. “There are increased ash emissions, earthquakes, uplift at small volcanic cones, and an ever widening crack at the top of the volcano on the west side,” she adds. “These are all signs of volcanic deformation that will likely lead to an eruption sooner rather than later.” Stamps notes that an eruption alone likely would not affect many of the nearby paleoanthropological sites, an opinion shared by Cynthia Liutkus-Pierce, an Appalachian State University geologist and National Geographic grantee who recently led an analysis of the Engare Sero footprints. In an email sent from a site six miles from the volcano, Liutkus-Pierce reported that from her perspective, the volcano seemed calm, and the local Maasai did not appear overtly concerned about an eruption. However, if a large eruption and a heavy rainy season were to coincide, the resulting debris flows could potentially harm Engare Sero and nearby sites, Liutkus-Pierce says. “Historically, Lengai is capable of large debris flows and debris avalanches that reach the shore of Lake Natron, and these could potentially pose a significant threat to the site and to all of the camps that are here along the lake edge,” she says. “I think that would be my biggest concern for this area—the potential for a debris flow or debris avalanche.” As it happens, the Engare Sero footprints exist only because a similar scenario occurred between 5,000 and 19,000 years ago. At that time, an influx of volcanic mud—washed off of Ol Doinyo Lengai’s flanks by rainfall—created vast mudflats on the shoreline of Lake Natron that ancient humans trod across within hours to days of the event. A second surge of material then filled in the dried footprints, preserving them. Liutkus-Pierce notes that even in a worst-case scenario, Engare Sero’s “dance hall” is staying alive. Her research team has photographed the footprints in high resolution and could re-create them—and even print them out—in 3D as needed. “In that way,” she says, “we have essentially preserved the site in case of a natural disaster.” 
Typically, the volcano’s activity is confined to its summit. But occasionally, the Mountain of God can roar to life in more dramatic fashion: On September 4, 2007, the volcano belched out a plume of ash that extended at least 11 miles downwind. Lava running down the north and west flanks ignited burn scars that were visible from space.
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Begin Trace Mode for Comment # 27.
#3. To: cranky (#0)
Fascinating! If you look closely at that mountain by google you can see some interesting images of Satan's fall on there. It's in plain sight.
That is right here. And next to him is the Angel Raphael casting him in there. https://www.google.com/maps/place/Lake+Baringo/@1.177799,36.2775289,6298m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x1786cf9b80b81d2b:0xb6601e651892f2a0!8m2!3d0.6320551!4d36.0567202
I looked and I did not see the Angel Raphael. And Raphael is a very close friend of mine. I could spot him anywhere in Africa, even from space.
Look closer at here cause the angel is to the right of the black devil that's leering at Raphael. You can tell who Raphael is because he is the one with the wings on his back. Check out Raphael's sharp nose and piercing eyes back at the devil. https://www.google.com/maps/place/Lake+Baringo/@1.1686814,36.289395,3149m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x1786cf9b80b81d2b:0xb6601e651892f2a0!8m2!3d0.6320551!4d36.0567202 Some info on the biblical location and Angel Raphael of where this image was located and its biblical name. The location was known in ancient biblical accounts as Dudael, Ethiopia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raphael_(archangel) I would strongly suggest you research into some ancient Ethiopian maps dating back prior to 1600's to find that location of Dudael. It not only did exist but also the true biblical location of the Euphrates river was in West Africa in the township of Benin which was along the West Ethiopian coastline for gold which was where the true Hebrew Israelites (which were black) were sold and their inheritance and identity stolen from them by the British the French and the Romans who conquered the slave coast region.
Only Gabriel and Michael are mentioned in canonical Jewish and Christian scripture. The other archangels' names were almost certainly brought back to Israel following the Babylonian captivity. You seem to be referring to the account in the Book of Enoch, where Raphael is alleged (by some) to have bound a fallen angel, Azazel, in Dudadel. Other scholars say that Azazel is just a metaphor, not a fallen angel.
And I should make you aware there are two biblical Enoch's https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enoch_(son_of_Cain) The first Enoch was the son of Cain (from our first earthly family, Adam and Eve). After Cain was banished from Eden, he went Eastward and founded a city called "Nok" and named his son Enoch after it. Enoch or "Nok" is (located in Nigeria area) Africa. Africa was formerly known as Ethiopia before it was conquered and changed by the Roman empire. The second Enoch was related to Noah. Noah was born in Borno, Ethiopia. Also to point out this about Azazel : https://encyclopediasatanica.wordpress.com/2013/08/12/references-to-demons-in-the-apocryphal-texts/
Scripture tells us in Jude of "Enoch, the seventh from Adam." He was the seventh son born of Seth's family line and was the great-great-great-great-grandson of Adam and was also the great-grandfather of Noah. The other Enoch was the son of Cain and a grandson to Adam. And no churches other than the Ethiopian consider the Book of Enoch to be canonical (because they think everything is canonical). The remainder consider it apocryphal or spurious, despite that little quote at the beginning of Jude where the fallen angels are condemned in verse 6, sodomites are condemned in verses 7 & 8, and the archangel Michael is quoted debating the devil in verse 9 and Enoch's prophecy is quoted in verse 1:14. 15 To execute judgment upon all, and to convince all that are ungodly among them of all their ungodly deeds which they have ungodly committed, and of all their hard speeches which ungodly sinners have spoken against him. The later Enoch (seventh from Adam) was the great-grandfather of Noah. I always thought that Jude was as close as the N.T. gets to including an apocryphal book, especially verse 14. Even Revelation poses fewer problems and we know the opposition it faced before being included in the N.T. But to include Enoch itself would have gone much much further than the African church (very powerful at the time) or the emerging Latin church or the Greek Eastern church was willing to go. So they allowed Jude into the canon and no more. redleghunter can tell you that I am pretty ambivalent about the Book of Enoch and of Jude.
I think one of the main reasons Enoch is excluded from most canons is due to the spurious nature of its manuscript history. Will check on that, but compared to many of the OT books and the fact Enoch was not accepted as part of the Hebrew TaNaKh, gives us a good picture of why the early church did not consider it. From Norm Geisler: 6. Canonicity I. Introduction How do we know that the 66 books in our Bible are the only inspired books? Who decided which books were truly inspired by God? The Roman Catholic Bible includes books that are not found in other Bibles (called the Apocrypha). How do we know that we as Protestants have the right books? These questions are addressed by a study of canonicity. “Canon” is a word that comes from Greek and Hebrew words that literally means a measuring rod. So canonicity describes the standard that books had to meet to be recognized as scripture. On the one hand, deciding which books were inspired seems like a human process. Christians gathered together at church councils in the first several centuries A.D. for the purpose of officially recognizing which books are inspired. But it’s important to remember that these councils did not determine which books were inspired. They simply recognized what God had already determined. This study discusses the tests of canonicity that were used, the history of canonization and a brief explanation of why certain disputed books are not scripture. II. Summary: The collection of 66 books were properly recognized by the early church as the complete authoritative scriptures not to be added to or subtracted from. III. Tests of Canonicity The early church councils applied several basic standards in recognizing whether a book was inspired. A. Is it authoritative (“Thus saith the Lord”)? B. Is it prophetic (“a man of God” 2 Peter 1:20)? - A book in the Bible must have the authority of a spiritual leader of Israel (O.T. – prophet, king, judge, scribe) or and apostle of the church (N.T. – It must be based on the testimony of an original apostle.). C. Is it authentic (consistent with other revelation of truth)? D. Is it dynamic – demonstrating God’s life-changing power (Hebrew 4:12)? E. Is it received (accepted and used by believers – 1 Thessalonians 2:13)? (Norman L. Geisler & William Nix, A General Introduction To The Bible. pp. 137-144). Jude on the other hand had early patristic support.
Red, that's a great keeper by Geisler on the rule of thumb for Canon. The Book of Enoch is enigmatic to say the least. I have been exploring investigations into the pre-Flood World (speaking of "enigmatic"...wow.) That Jude was allowed to quote and give a measure of authority to the word of God via the Book of Enoch could well be considered puzzling. But IF it's made its way into Scripture, we can be sure God had His reasons. If the Lord *didn't* want it included as part of Scriptural canon, it wouldn't be there. Without exception.
I do find it interesting that the author obviously expected his readers to be quite familiar with the general outline of the prophecies of the Book of Enoch. Whether he is endorsing those prophecies or dovetailing that into his writing because he perhaps knows that his primary intended readers placed some stock in the book of Enoch. Or perhaps he simply wanted to invoke a warning of a dire Enochian judgment falling on those who failed to heed his warnings. I think when we look at epistles, we have to see them as addressed to and aimed pretty squarely at particular ancient audiences. It is often the case that shallow preaching presents scripture as a-message-meant-equally-for-all-times-and-all-Christians. Yet we do see some very specific instances of epistles directed at particular problems in a specific church in a particular city. So while we shouldn't see that as making the text ineffectual for other Christians, we always have to keep in mind that these epistles really were addressed to particular persons and churches and the problems and disputes in those churches. So I think we read epistles knowing we really are reading other people's mail. I am not suggesting that that means these are not authentic scripture or that they have no application to us. But to me, it is a profound mistake to read the epistles as though they were only addressed to us and not keep in mind that they were addressed to some particular ancient church or person(s). But perhaps I overstate the obvious.
Can't all of the above be the case for Jude's inclusion and citation of the Book of Enoch? "Endorsing AND dovetailing"...AND invoking a warning of judgment and penalty. If we presume canonized Scripture as written is The Almigthy's Will, then mustn't we presume Jude's warning has purpose and intent? Btw, have any of you looked into the Bible-based archaeology and research of Steve Quayle and Timothy Alberino? Their focus is pre-Flood interpretation of Genesis, including researching proof of past Giants, Vatican control of crucial archaeological finds, parsing the book of Enoch, and well as ancient past & prophecies. They've also gotten into theories on the CERN project -- which is speculated to be a matter of attempting to access the metaphysical realm and with it, "time" itself. For anyone interested in the dissemination of news from a Christian perspective, 'Skywatch TV' found at (youtube) is worthy IMHO. They also link to the scientific/archaeological/theological work of Quayle and Alberino -- as well as theorizing about the pre-Flood world and of course, End Days prophecies. Frankly, I personally don't dwell/obsess on End Days prophecies. I personally don't need to know God's protocol of End Days/pre/post-Rapture events -- just that I'm a part of the eventual "festivities" :-) I DO understand man's natural innate inclination, curiosity and drive to learn THE truth if possible. INCLUDING Real History, instead of the Default alternative "history" The Powers That Be have mapped out, eliminated, substituted, or otherwise manipulated... ....Yes, like the "6 BILLION year age of the universe" and dinosaur bones (and in some cases, tissue) that were obviously swept up and preserved in a relatively recent cataclysmic Flood, but claimed to have *somehow* survived the ravages of a supposed 30-60 million years.
#31. To: Liberator, redleghunter (#27)
If we presume canonized Scripture as written is The Almigthy's Will, then mustn't we presume Jude's warning has purpose and intent? I think we have to admit that conventional scholarship has a good point when it says that Jude was written as a general epistle to all churches. It was not addressed to a specific church and its problems, the way we see some of Paul's epistles directed at specific churches. So the bishops voting on the canon at the council of Hippo, each with his own scriptural expert, would be thinking of that when they voted. We also have to keep in mind that heresy on a very large scale was creeping into churches across the ancient Christian world, both inside the Roman empire and those Christian groups outside the empire. Among these groups, we would group the Gnostics who claimed special secret teachings or knowledge. And we can't dismiss the rise of Marcion and the Marcionites who followed him. He established his own canon, essentially a paraphrased version of Luke that reads like Ernest Hemingway wrote it (short choppy sentences) and all of the epistles of Paul. Everything else did not make the grade with Marcion. He rejected all of the Old Testament and most of the N.T. canon. The rise in popularity of his bible and its canon in many ways did spur the Council of Hippo to meet and to declare what the canon was so that someone like Marcion couldn't do it first. Except he had. It took a long time for them to suppress the Marcionites. Along with the Arians and the Marcionites, there were numerous other dissident groups that the Roman hierarchy was eager to suppress. And all of these groups were producing their own holy books and circulating them in various parts of the empire or beyond its boundaries. Of even greater concern to the ancient bishops were the Arians and the challenge they posed to the hierarchy and to orthodox teachings. Constantine himself was baptized by an Arian bishop and other Arians held considerable sway as bishops during his reign and thereafter. The Arians were taking over the churches in a way that threatened the established hierarchy. The Arians had, for instance, solid control of the Christian churches in north Africa. They had sent an able Arian missionary and converted all the German barbarians to adopt Arian theology which they promptly imposed on all areas they conquered in western Europe and Africa. The Vandals were German Arian Christians for the most part. In parts of Syria and Iraq and Persia, we had other non-orthodox cults of Christians that thrived and the bishops of Rome's hierarchy couldn't have been too happy with them either. You can review Wiki's Arianism page to get an idea of how extensive Arian influence was for several centuries until it finally died out for the most part in the 7th century. It was a constant and ongoing challenge to Roman orthodoxy the entire time. So a writing like that of Jude would be useful for orthodox Roman bishops. So if we see Jude calling down judgment on false teachers and warning churches in general against these infiltrators and usurpers, perhaps we should not be too surprised. Other books in the N.T. do warn about false teachers at some length and I would suppose that Jude's inclusion is most likely due to the fact that it was calling down curses on false teachers, infiltrators and usurpers of legitimate church authority. If the bishops at the Synod of Hippo in 393 voted for it, it's scripture. If they didn't, it is spurious. The N.T. canon was then ratified by the Council of Carthage in 397, pending the forthcoming approval from the bishop of Rome, an early milestone of papist supremacy. As mentioned above, Jude is pretty unique in that it contains references to the rejected books The Assumption of Moses and to the Book of Enoch. So it referred via quotes to two books the bishops at Hippo explicitly rejected yet these quotes from the two spurious books did not disqualify Jude from the canon. I presume this is because they really liked how Jude threw down on the false teachers in very dire terms. There had to be a lot of local and regional politics involved as well as the personalities of the bishops who attended Hippo. We can't dismiss the idea out of hand at least.
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#4. To: All (#3)
#6. To: goldilucky (#4)
That is right here. And next to him is the Angel Raphael casting him in there.
#7. To: Tooconservative (#6)
(Edited)
#8. To: goldilucky (#7)
Look closer at here cause the angel is to the right of the black devil that's leering at Raphael.
#9. To: Tooconservative (#8)
(Edited)
#10. To: goldilucky, redleghunter (#9)
And I should make you aware there are two biblical Enoch's https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enoch_(son_of_Cain)
14 And Enoch also, the seventh from Adam, prophesied of these, saying, Behold, the Lord cometh with ten thousands of his saints, The second Enoch was related to Noah. Noah was born in Borno, Ethiopia.
#12. To: Tooconservative (#10)
redleghunter can tell you that I am pretty ambivalent about the Book of Enoch and of Jude.
#19. To: redleghunter, Tooconservative (#12)
#21. To: Liberator, redleghunter (#19)
That Jude was allowed to quote and give a measure of authority to the word of God via the Book of Enoch could well be considered puzzling. But IF it's made its way into Scripture, we can be sure God had His reasons.
#27. To: Tooconservative, redleghunter (#21)
I do find it interesting that the author obviously expected his readers to be quite familiar with the general outline of the prophecies of the Book of Enoch. Whether he is endorsing those prophecies or dovetailing that into his writing because he perhaps knows that his primary intended readers placed some stock in the book of Enoch. Or perhaps he simply wanted to invoke a warning of a dire Enochian judgment falling on those who failed to heed his warnings.
Replies to Comment # 27. Can't all of the above be the case for Jude's inclusion and citation of the Book of Enoch? "Endorsing AND dovetailing"...AND invoking a warning of judgment and penalty.
If we presume canonized Scripture as written is The Almigthy's Will, then mustn't we presume Jude's warning has purpose and intent?
End Trace Mode for Comment # 27.
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