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Title: Republicanism in the United States
Source: Wikipedia
URL Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republicanism_in_the_United_States
Published: Jul 9, 2017
Author: Wikipedia
Post Date: 2017-07-09 20:49:10 by Gatlin
Keywords: None
Views: 3566
Comments: 17

Republicanism is the guiding political philosophy of the United States. It has been a major part of American civic thought since its founding. [1] It stresses liberty and unalienable individual rights as central values, making people sovereign as a whole, rejects monarchy, aristocracy and inherited political power, expects citizens to be independent in their performance of civic duties, and vilifies corruption. [2] American republicanism was founded and first practiced by the Founding Fathers in the 18th century. For them, according to one team of historians, "republicanism represented more than a particular form of government. It was a way of life, a core ideology, an uncompromising commitment to liberty, and a total rejection of aristocracy."[3]

Republicanism was based on Ancient Greco-Roman, Renaissance, and English models and ideas.[4] It formed the basis for the American Revolution, the Declaration of Independence (1776), the Constitution (1787), the Bill of Rights, as well as the Gettysburg Address (1863).[5]

Republicanism is a type of democracy, but if protected by a Bill of Rights, may be distinguished from other forms of democracy as a Bill of Rights asserts that each individual has unalienable rights that cannot be voted away by a majority of voters, unless the other type of democracies are also protected by a Bill of Rights.[6] Alexis de Tocqueville warned about the "tyranny of the majority" in a democracy, and suggested the courts should try to reverse the efforts of the majority of terminating the rights of an unpopular minority.[7]

The term "republicanism" is derived from the term "republic", but the two words have different meanings. A "republic" is a form of government (one without a hereditary ruling class); "republicanism" refers to the values of the citizens in a republic.[8]

[....]

Founding Fathers [edit]

The "Founding Fathers" were strong advocates of republican values, especially Samuel Adams, Patrick Henry, George Washington, Thomas Paine, Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and Alexander Hamilton.[26]

Thomas Jefferson defined a republic as:

...a government by its citizens in mass, acting directly and personally, according to rules established by the majority; and that every other government is more or less republican, in proportion as it has in its composition more or less of this ingredient of the direct action of the citizens. Such a government is evidently restrained to very narrow limits of space and population. I doubt if it would be practicable beyond the extent of a New England township. The first shade from this pure element, which, like that of pure vital air, cannot sustain life of itself, would be where the powers of the government, being divided, should be exercised each by representatives chosen...for such short terms as should render secure the duty of expressing the will of their constituents. This I should consider as the nearest approach to a pure republic, which is practicable on a large scale of country or population ... we may say with truth and meaning, that governments are more or less republican as they have more or less of the element of popular election and control in their composition; and believing, as I do, that the mass of the citizens is the safest depository of their own rights, and especially, that the evils flowing from the duperies of the people, are less injurious than those from the egoism of their agents, I am a friend to that composition of government which has in it the most of this ingredient.[27]

The Founding Fathers discoursed endlessly on the meaning of "republicanism." John Adams in 1787 defined it as "a government, in which all men, rich and poor, magistrates and subjects, officers and people, masters and servants, the first citizen and the last, are equally subject to the laws." [28]

For a century, historians have debated how important republicanism was to the Founding Fathers.

[....]

The Founding Fathers wanted republicanism because its principles guaranteed liberty, with opposing, limited powers offsetting one another. They thought change should occur slowly, as many were afraid that a "democracy" – by which they meant a direct democracy – would allow a majority of voters at any time to trample rights and liberties. They believed the most formidable of these potential majorities was that of the poor against the rich.[35] They thought democracy could take the form of mob rule that could be shaped on the spot by a demagogue.[36] Therefore, they devised a written Constitution that could be amended only by a super majority, preserved competing sovereignties in the constituent states,[37] gave the control of the upper house (Senate) to the states, and created an Electoral College, comprising a small number of elites, to select the president. They set up a House of Representatives to represent the people. In practice the electoral college soon gave way to control by political parties. In 1776, most states required property ownership to vote, but most citizens owned farms in the 90% rural nation, so it was not a severe restriction. As the country urbanized and people took on different work, the property ownership requirement was gradually dropped by many states. Property requirements were gradually dismantled in state after state, so that all had been eliminated by 1850, so that few if any economic barriers remained to prevent white, adult males from voting.[38] [....]

Boldness and Underscore Added.


Poster Comment:

Republicanism is a political ideology.

The Founding Fathers wanted republicanism because its principles guaranteed liberty, with opposing, limited powers offsetting one another. This approach produced a political ideology Americans called "republicanism", which was widespread in America by 1775. Republicanism was the distinctive political consciousness of the entire Revolutionary generation.

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#1. To: All (#0)

Jeffersonian Republicanism was the political philosophy [political ideology] adopted by the Republican Party during the early 1800s that called for a limited national government and reduced federal spending. This policy was initially put into practice by President Thomas Jefferson when he assumed office in 1801.

Gatlin  posted on  2017-07-09   21:04:54 ET  Reply   Trace   Private Reply  


#2. To: tater (#0) (Edited)

Republicanism is a political ideology.

Exactly, tater. Republicanism is a political ideology, that advocates a strong centrist government and the elimination of the Bill of Rights, as we know it.

Cheap parlor tricks are well known guiding principles for the USA Republican political party that ensure individual rights are abolished while the rule of the state is the controlling principle. As evidence, the "Father of the Republican Party" ... good ol' Abe lied to the American People and created the War Between the States. The shit hit the fan in 1861 when that muther-fucker was elected.

buckeroo  posted on  2017-07-09   21:06:37 ET  Reply   Trace   Private Reply  


#3. To: All (#0)

Republicanism was the ideology of the American Revolution, and as such it became the source of much of what we Americans still believe, the source of many of our noblest ideals and most persistent values. Indeed, republicanism is today so much taken for granted that it is difficult for us to appreciate its once revolutionary character.

Gatlin  posted on  2017-07-09   21:13:34 ET  Reply   Trace   Private Reply  


#4. To: Gatlin (#3)

Republicanism was the ideology of the American Revolution [NOTE: not political ideology as tater wants to stress.]

She/it, you are reaching for anything to save your ass with that post above.

buckeroo  posted on  2017-07-09   21:48:11 ET  Reply   Trace   Private Reply  


#5. To: buckeroo (#2)

good ol' Abe lied to the American People

What did he lie about?

A K A Stone  posted on  2017-07-09   22:17:04 ET  Reply   Trace   Private Reply  


#6. To: A K A Stone (#5)

As a politician that was a national celebrity for the founding of the Republican political party, just about everything. His BULLSHIT rings true to this day.

Are you looking for examples of the deceit or lies that Abraham Lincoln initiated?

buckeroo  posted on  2017-07-09   22:49:57 ET  Reply   Trace   Private Reply  


#7. To: Gatlin (#3)

Republicanism was the ideology of the American Revolution, and as such it became the source of much of what we Americans still believe, the source of many of our noblest ideals and most persistent values. Indeed, republicanism is today so much taken for granted that it is difficult for us to appreciate its once revolutionary character.

It was the age of monarchs around the world as it had been for many centuries.

To find a non-monarchic example of government you had to look past the exercises in representation and even limited voting in Europe back to the city-states of ancient Greece and to works like Plato's Republic and to the general knowledge of the Roman empire, especially the Roman senate which exercised considerable legislative power prior to the era of the Caesars and their seizure of absolute power.

To the Enlightenment thinkers among the colonists who formed the Founders and their supporters, this was a way to justify their rebellion against their lawful king (but unworthy tyrant), King George III. King George was a tyrant, just as the Caesars were in ancient Rome so he deserved to be overthrown. A new order of the ages was summoned, that whole Novis Ordo Seclorum thing we still have on our currency (originally on the back of the Great Seal at the time of the Founders, it has been on the back of $1 bills since the 1930s). And we had no presidents on coins or bills for almost a century; it was always Lady Liberty. Our early citizens did not want to promote monarchy or executive power in the way so many other governments did. They wanted a classical Greek symbol like Lady Liberty to represent the ancient longings for liberty that America was expected to represent.

In short: It was a whole scene, man. Heavy, very heavy.     : )

The Founders had to justify to their fellow-citizens in the colonies and to the world what they wanted to do (a democratic republic) and their rejection of the near-universal reign of monarchs. This was the purpose of the Declaration, a justification and an explanation for their radical turn toward independence from their distant king.

Of course, we can read about it in terms of grand narratives, the influence of ancient philosophies and Greek/Roman history. But that probably isn't how it all seemed to the citizens of the early Republic who lived through it day by day. So it is fun to weave together these grandiose narratives, the writings of the Founders, the passions of the Enlightenment and all the rest. But your average small landowner or merchant probably didn't see all the poetry supposedly involved in the alleged Great Experiment.

Tooconservative  posted on  2017-07-09   22:59:37 ET  Reply   Trace   Private Reply  


#8. To: buckeroo, A K A Stone (#6)

As a politician that was a national celebrity for the founding of the Republican political party, just about everything. His BULLSHIT rings true to this day.

Are you looking for examples of the deceit or lies that Abraham Lincoln initiated?

You were asked a simple question, STUPID: What did he [Lincoln] lie about?

Gatlin  posted on  2017-07-09   23:02:00 ET  Reply   Trace   Private Reply  


#9. To: buckeroo (#2)

Republicanism is a political ideology, that advocates a strong centrist government and the elimination of the Bill of Rights, as we know it.

There are fools, damn fools and libertarians…. then, standing far to the lunatic fringes, there is you.

Gatlin  posted on  2017-07-09   23:05:37 ET  Reply   Trace   Private Reply  


#10. To: buckeroo (#4)

I never expected a simple-minded libertarian to understand….and you didn’t!

Gatlin  posted on  2017-07-09   23:25:56 ET  Reply   Trace   Private Reply  


#11. To: Tooconservative (#7)

Yep, and after all that....Republicanism was still the ideology of the American Revolution.

Gatlin  posted on  2017-07-09   23:30:58 ET  Reply   Trace   Private Reply  


#12. To: Gatlin (#11)

Yep, and after all that....Republicanism was still the ideology of the American Revolution.

Well, republicanism. Not Republicanism.

Of course, there was a strong strain of liberal democracy as well. Due to the nature of colonies which became states under a limited federal government and their wariness of a central power, they had to emphasize republicanism to reassure the smaller and less populous states that they wouldn't just get outvoted every time by the big states like New York. Otherwise, the Constitution would never have gotten ratified.

Tooconservative  posted on  2017-07-10   7:43:37 ET  Reply   Trace   Private Reply  


#13. To: buckeroo (#6)

I already asked the question. I guess you were lying again.

A K A Stone  posted on  2017-07-10   8:11:52 ET  Reply   Trace   Private Reply  


#14. To: A K A Stone (#13)

All the way from the Douglas debates to the Emancipation Proclamation. Feel better with a couple of specifics, pal?

buckeroo  posted on  2017-07-10   19:59:14 ET  Reply   Trace   Private Reply  


#15. To: buckeroo (#14)

Yes I would be happy if you got specific. But are you capable of that?

A K A Stone  posted on  2017-07-10   20:00:55 ET  Reply   Trace   Private Reply  


#16. To: A K A Stone (#15)

Sure. What "specific" are you looking for that will satisfy your curiosity? How about good ol' Abe's reluctance to fight for states rights? How about his support for the banks that sucked the South dry? How about the preexisting aggression of the North towards the South?

buckeroo  posted on  2017-07-10   23:34:32 ET  Reply   Trace   Private Reply  


#17. To: buckeroo (#16)

Quite trying to change the subject. You said he lied. Put up or shut up.

A K A Stone  posted on  2017-07-11   0:04:46 ET  Reply   Trace   Private Reply  


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