LF: Have scientists found a CURE for Type 1 diabetes? Experts halt the disease by implanting cells that help produce insulin

Title: Have scientists found a CURE for Type 1 diabetes? Experts halt the disease by implanting cells that help produce insulin
Source: Daily Mail Online
URL Source: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencet ... es-horizon-Scientists-imp.html
Published: Jan 25, 2016
Author: Fiona Macrae, Science Editor For The Dai
Post Date: 2016-01-25 11:45:07 by cranky
Keywords: None
Views: 1135
Comments: 3

A cure for Type 1 diabetes is a step closer after scientists managed to halt the condition for at least six months thanks to insulin-producing cells.

Experts from US hospitals and institutions including Harvard University managed to transplant cells into mice, which immediately began producing insulin.

The team was also able to show they could prevent the cells being rendered useless by the body's own immune system, which was effectively 'switched off' thanks to scientific work.

It means a cure for Type 1 diabetes - which affects 400,000 people in the UK - could be much closer.

Scientists are now working to replicate the results in people with the condition.

The findings build on the news at the end of 2014 that experts had discovered how to make huge quantities of insulin-producing cells.

The man who led that breakthrough - Harvard professor Doug Melton who has been trying to find a cure for the disease since his son Sam was diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes as a baby - also worked on the new studies.

A CURE FOR TYPE 1 DIABETES?

During the study, experts were able to create a newly-modified alginate material to encapsulate human pancreatic islet cells - a way of making the body adopt them.

The modified alginate, a material originally derived from brown algae, was used to prevent the body triggering an immune response which can lead to the build-up of scar tissue and the cells ultimately being rendered useless.

Scientists created a library of almost 800 alginate derivatives and evaluated the immune response to each of them.

This led them to focus on one called triazole-thiomorpholine dioxide (TMTD), which had a minimal immune response in mice and large animals.

The researchers then implanted human islet cells encapsulated in TMTD in mice, which provided the success for the study.

The human islet cells used for the new research were generated from human stem cells developed by Professor Melton.

Following implantation in mice, the cells immediately began producing insulin in response to blood glucose levels and were able to maintain blood glucose within a healthy range for 174 days - the length of the study.

The findings are published in the journals Nature Medicine and Nature Biotechnology and were made possible with funding from the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF).

In one study, experts were able to create a newly-modified alginate material to encapsulate human pancreatic islet cells - a way of making the body adopt them.

Scientists created a library of almost 800 alginate derivatives and evaluated the immune response to each of them.

This led them to focus on one called triazole-thiomorpholine dioxide (TMTD), which had a minimal immune response in mice and large animals.

The researchers then implanted human islet cells encapsulated in TMTD in mice, which provided the success for the study.

JDRF's vice president of discovery research, Julia Greenstein, said: 'Encapsulation therapies have the potential to be groundbreaking for people with Type 1 diabetes.

'These treatments aim to effectively establish long-term insulin independence and eliminate the daily burden of managing the disease for months, possibly years, at a time without the need for immune suppression.

'JDRF is excited by these findings and we hope to see this research progress into human clinical trials and ultimately a potential new Type 1 diabetes therapy.'

Senior author of the research, Daniel Anderson, who is associate professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's department of chemical engineering, said: 'We are excited by these results, and are working hard to advance this technology to the clinic.'

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TYPE 1 AND TYPE 2 DIABETES?

Type 1 diabetes

Type 1 develops when the insulin-producing cells in the body have been destroyed, leaving the body unable to produce any insulin at all.

Everyone diagnosed with type 1 is treated with insulin.

Scientists don't know why the insulin-producing cells are destroyed in people with the condition.

It is thought to be caused by an abnormal, autoimmune, reaction to the cells, which could be triggered by a virus or other infection.

Experts believe there is a genetic element to type 1 diabetes.

It is more common in some parts of the world than others.

Unlike type 2, type 1 diabetes has nothing to do with lifestyle or weight.

The condition can develop at any age, but is usually diagnosed before the age of 40, most commonly in late childhood.

Around 10 per cent of the 2.9 million people diagnosed with diabetes in the UK have type 1.

Type 2 diabetes

The condition develops when the body is still able to make insulin, but not enough.

It also develops when the insulin that is produced by the body does not work properly - known as insulin resistance.

Initially, type 2 diabetes can be controlled with a healthy diet and regular exercise.

Medication is also often required and a large number of sufferers eventually progress to needing insulin.

People who are overweight and have a large waist, are more likely to be diagnosed with type 2 diabetes - it is the biggest risk factor.

Those who have a close relative with the condition, or who are from a black or South Asian background are also at increased risk.

The condition usually affects those aged over 40, but people from South Asia are commonly affected from the age of 25.

Around 90 per cent of the 2.9 million people diagnosed with diabetes in the UK have type 2.

I've gotten less willing to read DailyMail. They repeat the same facts and text, sometimes the same sentences, two or three times in a piece. Apparently, they pay writers by the word or something. Then they toss in a bunch of photos from their big photo archive.

It's gotten very clickbaity. I notice the same kind of downturn with tech sites getting involved in global hotting and abortion and other policy issues. It's like reading a DNC press release. Quite annoying. Even Slashdot has those kinds of non-tech articles now.

It seems to me that there is a veritable army of seminar posters, trying to drag every website into their fights.