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Health/Medical
See other Health/Medical Articles

Title: Antibiotic resistance: World on cusp of 'post-antibiotic era'
Source: BBC
URL Source: http://www.bbc.com/news/health-34857015
Published: Nov 19, 2015
Author: James Gallagher
Post Date: 2015-11-19 23:19:28 by Tooconservative
Keywords: None
Views: 617
Comments: 5

The world is on the cusp of a "post-antibiotic era", scientists have warned after finding bacteria resistant to drugs used when all other treatments have failed.

They identified bacteria able to shrug off the drug of last resort - colistin - in patients and livestock in China.

They said that resistance would spread around the world and raised the spectre of untreatable infections.

It is likely resistance emerged after colistin was overused in farm animals.

Bacteria becoming completely resistant to treatment - also known as the antibiotic apocalypse - could plunge medicine back into the dark ages.

Common infections would kill once again, while surgery and cancer therapies, which are reliant on antibiotics, would be under threat.

Key players

Chinese scientists identified a new mutation, dubbed the MCR-1 gene, that prevented colistin from killing bacteria.

The report in the Lancet Infectious Diseases showed resistance in a fifth of animals tested, 15% of raw meat samples and in 16 patients.

And the resistance had spread between a range of bacterial strains and species, including E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

There is also evidence that it has spread to Laos and Malaysia.

Prof Timothy Walsh, who collaborated on the study, from the University of Cardiff, told the BBC News website: "All the key players are now in place to make the post-antibiotic world a reality.

"If MCR-1 becomes global, which is a case of when not if, and the gene aligns itself with other antibiotic resistance genes, which is inevitable, then we will have very likely reached the start of the post-antibiotic era.

"At that point if a patient is seriously ill, say with E. coli, then there is virtually nothing you can do."

Resistance to colistin has emerged before.

However, the crucial difference this time is the mutation has arisen in a way that is very easily shared between bacteria.

"The transfer rate of this resistance gene is ridiculously high, that doesn't look good," said Prof Mark Wilcox, from Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust.

His hospital is now dealing with multiple cases "where we're struggling to find an antibiotic" every month - an event he describes as being as "rare as hens' teeth" five years ago.

He said there was no single event that would mark the start of the antibiotic apocalypse, but it was clear "we're losing the battle".

The concern is that the new resistance gene will hook up with others plaguing hospitals, leading to bacteria resistant to all treatment - what is known as pan-resistance.

Prof Wilcox told the BBC News website: "Do I fear we'll get to an untreatable organism situation? Ultimately yes.

"Whether that happens this year, or next year, or the year after, it's very hard to say."

Early indications suggest the Chinese government is moving swiftly to address the problem.

Prof Walsh is meeting both the agricultural and health ministries this weekend to discuss whether colistin should be banned for agricultural use.

Prof Laura Piddock, from the campaign group Antibiotic Action, said the same antibiotics "should not be used in veterinary and human medicine".

She told the BBC News website: "Hopefully the post-antibiotic era is not upon us yet. However, this is a wake-up call to the world."

She argued the dawning of the post-antibiotic era "really depends on the infection, the patient and whether there are alternative treatment options available" as combinations of antibiotics may still be effective.

New drugs are in development, such as teixobactin, which might delay the apocalypse, but are not yet ready for medical use.

A commentary in the Lancet concluded the "implications [of this study] are enormous" and unless something significant changes, doctors would "face increasing numbers of patients for whom we will need to say, 'Sorry, there is nothing I can do to cure your infection.'"


Poster Comment:

"If MCR-1 becomes global, which is a case of when not if, and the gene aligns itself with other antibiotic resistance genes, which is inevitable, then we will have very likely reached the start of the post-antibiotic era.

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#1. To: TooConservative (#0)

Not to worry, the new MRC-1 is actually the bug of peace. It will bring peace to all who come near it, all praises to Bacteriallah.

jeremiad  posted on  2015-11-20   0:44:01 ET  Reply   Trace   Private Reply  


#2. To: TooConservative (#0)

Zombie apocalypse! Gamers were right all along.

Serious note. Docs are backing off antibiotics for the young and relatively healthy.

"Seek ye the Lord while he may be found, call ye upon him while he is near"---Isaiah 55:6

redleghunter  posted on  2015-11-20   1:03:43 ET  Reply   Trace   Private Reply  


#3. To: redleghunter (#2)

Serious note. Docs are backing off antibiotics for the young and relatively healthy.

Too late, it seems.

The resistant strains will spread to all the infectious bacteria. The old drugs will still work against the old strains but the new strains and the genes will create hybrid strains that will pose the primary threat.

If they were to have an effect, they should have cut way back on antibiotics in people and especially with factory farmed livestock. As it is, it's too late now. If you cut way back now, a lot of the world starves. If you don't, the antibiotic apocalypse kills tens of millions in a few years once the inevitable mutations occur to create a host of deadly antibiotic resistant bugs.

We're going to experience what life was like without antibiotics, like our grandparents did.

It's not like it's a surprise. We've been warned about this happening for the last 20 years if we didn't restrict reckless antibiotic use around the world. Now we will reap the whirlwind.

OTOH, it should be good for organized religion because, before too long, saying a prayer will be as effective as your doctor's prescriptions against most infectious bacteria.

Tooconservative  posted on  2015-11-20   3:41:04 ET  Reply   Trace   Private Reply  


#4. To: TooConservative, GarySpFc (#3)

OTOH, it should be good for organized religion because, before too long, saying a prayer will be as effective as your doctor's prescriptions against most infectious bacteria.

Interesting thoughts. Was thinking of something similar. God has some pronounced ways of reminding all of us He is Sovereign.

A constant reminder not to lay up our hope and treasure in that which perishes.

"Seek ye the Lord while he may be found, call ye upon him while he is near"---Isaiah 55:6

redleghunter  posted on  2015-11-20   9:53:26 ET  Reply   Trace   Private Reply  


#5. To: redleghunter (#4)

I did read another piece at Ars that took a little less hysterical approach. I think this is the better piece if you're taking a perspective over a decade or so.

The resistant E. Coli won't arrive here from China for a few years. It is likely to take a few more years for those genes to jump to other infectious diseases and block our use of antibiotics.

Ars Technica: Gene that makes bacteria immune to last-resort antibiotic can spread

Key difference in the two articles: "when not if" vs. "gene may spread to other diseases".

So this article that I posted here was the Chicken Little version.     : )

Tooconservative  posted on  2015-11-20   15:05:15 ET  Reply   Trace   Private Reply  


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