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Title: DrugFacts: Marijuana
Source: National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
URL Source: http://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/marijuana
Published: Apr 25, 2015
Author: NIDA
Post Date: 2015-04-25 08:43:31 by Gatlin
Keywords: None
Views: 26196
Comments: 81

The need for promoting appropriate use of drugs in the health care system is needed….marijuana as a cure all mania is not.

LF's Wacky Weed Kids are again making desperate attempts to promote irrational drug use.

The dynamic duo posted two articles falsely showing the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) position on marijuana.

A Few Good Men (1992):
Colonel Jessep: You want answers?! Lieutenant Kaffee: I want the truth! Colonel Jessep: You can't handle the truth!

You potheads want the NIDA position on marijuana, you can’t handle the NIDA position on marijuana….here it is anyway:

National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
The Science of Drug Abuse and Addiction
The mission of the NIDA is to lead the Nation in bringing the power of science to bear on drug abuse and addiction
DrugFacts: Marijuana
Revised April 2015

What is marijuana

Marijuana refers to the dried leaves, flowers, stems, and seeds from the hemp plant, Cannabis sativa. The plant contains the mind- altering chemical delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and other related compounds. Extracts with high amounts of THC can also be made from the cannabis plant (see "Marijuana Extracts").

Marijuana is the most commonly used illicit drug in the United States (SAMHSA, 2014). Its use is widespread among young people. According to a yearly survey of middle and high school students, rates of marijuana use have steadied in the past few years after several years of increase. However, the number of young people who believe marijuana use is risky is decreasing (Johnston, 2014).

Legalization of marijuana for medical use or adult recreational use in a growing number of states may affect these views. Read more about marijuana as medicine in DrugFacts: Is Marijuana Medicine? at www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/marijuana-medicine.

Photo of dried marijuana and 
joints.

How do people use marijuana?

People smoke marijuana in hand-rolled cigarettes (joints) or in pipes or water pipes (bongs). They also smoke it in blunts—emptied cigars that have been partly or completely refilled with marijuana. To avoid inhaling smoke, more people are using vaporizers. These devices pull the active ingredients (including THC) from the marijuana and collect their vapor in a storage unit. A person then inhales the vapor, not the smoke.

Users can mix marijuana in food (edibles), such as brownies, cookies, or candy, or brew it as a tea. A newly popular method of use is smoking or eating different forms of THC-rich resins (see "Marijuana Extracts").

Marijuana Extracts

Smoking THC-rich resins extracted from the marijuana plant is on the rise. Users call this practice dabbing. People are using various forms of these extracts, such as:

  • hash oil or honey oil—a gooey liquid
  • wax or budder—a soft solid with a texture like lip balm
  • shatter—a hard, amber-colored solid

These extracts can deliver extremely large amounts of THC to users, and their use has sent some people to the emergency room. Another danger is in preparing these extracts, which usually involves butane (lighter fluid). A number of people who have used butane to make extracts at home have caused fires and explosions and have been seriously burned.

How does marijuana affect the brain?

Marijuana has both short- and long-term effects on the brain.

Image of a cross section of the 
brain with marked areas that are affected by THC.

THC (in magenta) acts on numerous areas in the brain.

Short-term effects

When a person smokes marijuana, THC quickly passes from the lungs into the bloodstream. The blood carries the chemical to the brain and other organs throughout the body. The body absorbs THC more slowly when the person eats or drinks it. In that case, the user generally feels the effects after 30 minutes to 1 hour.

THC acts on specific brain cell receptors that ordinarily react to natural THC-like chemicals in the brain. These natural chemicals play a role in normal brain development and function.

Marijuana overactivates parts of the brain that contain the highest number of these receptors. This causes the "high" that users feel. Other effects include:

  • altered senses (for example, seeing brighter colors)
  • altered sense of time
  • changes in mood
  • impaired body movement
  • difficulty with thinking and problem-solving
  • impaired memory
Silhouette of a seated young 
male, hunched over with his head resting in his hand.

Long-term effects

Marijuana also affects brain development. When marijuana users begin using as teenagers, the drug may reduce thinking, memory, and learning functions and affect how the brain builds connections between the areas necessary for these functions.

Marijuana’s effects on these abilities may last a long time or even be permanent.

For example, a study showed that people who started smoking marijuana heavily in their teens and had an ongoing cannabis use disorder lost an average of eight IQ points between ages 13 and 38. The lost mental abilities did not fully return in those who quit marijuana as adults. Those who started smoking marijuana as adults did not show notable IQ declines (Meier, 2012).

A Rise in Marijuana’s THC Levels

The amount of THC in marijuana has been increasing steadily over the past few decades. For a new user, this may mean exposure to higher THC levels with a greater chance of a harmful reaction. Higher THC levels may explain the rise in emergency room visits involving marijuana use.

The popularity of edibles also increases the chance of users having harmful reactions. Edibles take longer to digest and produce a high. Therefore, people may consume more to feel the effects faster, leading to dangerous results.

Dabbing is yet another growing trend. More people are using marijuana extracts that provide stronger doses, and therefore stronger effects, of THC (see "Marijuana Extracts").

Higher THC levels may mean a greater risk for addiction if users are regularly exposing themselves to high doses.

What are the other health effects of marijuana?

Marijuana use may have a wide range of effects, both physical and mental.

Physical effects

  • Breathing problems. Marijuana smoke irritates the lungs, and frequent marijuana smokers can have the same breathing problems that tobacco smokers have. These problems include daily cough and phlegm, more frequent lung illness, and a higher risk of lung infections. Researchers still do not know whether marijuana smokers have a higher risk for lung cancer.
  • Increased heart rate. Marijuana raises heart rate for up to 3 hours after smoking. This effect may increase the chance of heart attack. Older people and those with heart problems may be at higher risk
  • Problems with child development during and after pregnancy. Marijuana use during pregnancy is linked to increased risk of both brain and behavioral problems in babies. If a pregnant woman uses marijuana, the drug may affect certain developing parts of the fetus’s brain. Resulting challenges for the child may include problems with attention, memory, and problem-solving.

Mental effects

Long-term marijuana use has been linked to mental illness in some users, such as:

  • temporary hallucinations—sensations and images that seem real though they are not
  • temporary paranoia—extreme and unreasonable distrust of others
  • worsening symptoms in patients with schizophrenia (a severe mental disorder with symptoms such as hallucinations, paranoia, and disorganized thinking)

Marijuana use has also been linked to other mental health problems, such as:

  • depression
  • anxiety
  • suicidal thoughts among teens

Is marijuana addictive?

Contrary to common belief, marijuana can be addictive. Research suggests that about 1 in 11 users becomes addicted to marijuana (Anthony, 1994; Lopez-Quintero 2011).This number increases among those who start as teens (to about 17 percent, or 1 in 6) and among people who use marijuana daily (to 25-50 percent) (Hall, 2009a; Hall, 2009b).

How Does Marijuana Affect a User’s Life?

Compared to nonusers, heavy marijuana users more often report the following:

  • lower life satisfaction
  • poorer mental health
  • poorer physical health
  • more relationship problems

Users also report less academic and career success. For example, marijuana use is linked to a higher likelihood of dropping out of school (McCaffrey, 2010). It is also linked to more job absences, accidents, and injuries (Zwerling, 1990).

How can people get treatment for marijuana addiction?

Long-term marijuana users trying to quit report withdrawal symptoms that make quitting difficult. These include:

  • grouchiness
  • sleeplessness
  • decreased appetite
  • anxiety
  • cravings

Behavioral support has been effective in treating marijuana addiction. Examples include therapy and motivational incentives (providing rewards to patients who remain substance free). No medications are currently available to treat marijuana addiction. However, continuing research may lead to new medications that help ease withdrawal symptoms, block the effects of marijuana, and prevent relapse.

Points to Remember

  • Marijuana refers to the dried leaves, flowers, stems, and seeds from the hemp plant, Cannabis sativa.
  • The plant contains the mind-altering chemical delta-9- tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and other related compounds.
  • People use marijuana by smoking, eating, drinking, and inhaling it.
  • Smoking THC-rich extracts from the marijuana plant (a practice called dabbing) is on the rise.
  • THC overactivates certain brain cell receptors, resulting in effects such as:
    • altered senses
    • changes in mood
    • impaired body movement
    • difficulty with thinking and problem-solving
    • impaired memory and learning
  • Marijuana use may have a wide range of effects, both physical and mental, which include:
    • breathing illnesses
    • possible harm to a fetus’s brain in pregnant users
    • hallucinations and paranoia
  • The amount of THC in marijuana has been increasing steadily, creating more harmful effects for users.
  • Marijuana can be addictive.
  • Treatment for marijuana addiction includes forms of behavioral therapy. No medications currently exist for treatment.

Learn More

For more information on marijuana and marijuana use, visit:

For more information on marijuana as medicine and on state laws related to marijuana, visit:

Monitoring the Future

Learn more about the Monitoring the Future survey, which annually measures drug, alcohol, and tobacco use and related attitudes among teenage students nationwide:
www.drugabuse.gov/related-topics/trends- statistics/monitoring-future

http://www.dr ug abuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/marijuana.

(3 images)

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Begin Trace Mode for Comment # 38.

#7. To: All (#0)

LF's Wacky Weed Kids are again making desperate attempts to promote irrational drug use.

Potheads are loaded with an arsenal of copy and paste topics to throw at anyone who objects to their grim habit. They try to show reasons why pot is good yet they will never admit that they smoke the drug simply to get high. Why they love to feel bleary and weak is unknown even to them. The escapism they seek can be described as extreme selfishness to avoid reality. The basic dishonesty concerning their motives is but one reason I will forever distrust the reefer freak.

Gatlin  posted on  2015-04-25   11:56:03 ET  Reply   Untrace   Trace   Private Reply  


#8. To: Gatlin, Excalibur, Operation 40, hondo68, Orwellian Nightmare, sneakypete, TooConservative, buckeroo (#7)

...their grim habit.

...The escapism they seek...

...reefer freak.

Deckard  posted on  2015-04-25   12:05:36 ET  Reply   Untrace   Trace   Private Reply  


#9. To: Deckard (#8)

These threads are pointless. No one is going to be convinced to change their position, nor is LF a site read by a lot of lurkers.

So the viciousness of the infighting on these threads seems mostly due to there being so little to gain or lose.

Tooconservative  posted on  2015-04-25   12:16:47 ET  Reply   Untrace   Trace   Private Reply  


#15. To: TooConservative, y'all (#9)

These threads are pointless. No one is going to be convinced to change their position, nor is LF a site read by a lot of lurkers.

So the viciousness of the infighting on these threads seems mostly due to there being so little to gain or lose

These threads are good examples of one of the major political problems we have in the USA today..

The fight between the small govt constitutionalists, and the big brother progressive socialists.

The progressives are rapidly losing, and are frantically defending their 100 year old experiment in socialism.

I find the fight amusing to monitor. -- Why don't you?

tpaine  posted on  2015-04-25   12:35:09 ET  Reply   Untrace   Trace   Private Reply  


#38. To: tpaine (#15)

The progressives are rapidly losing, and are frantically defending their 100 year old experiment in socialism.

How are the socialists losing? At every turn the emperor and his successor vice regent Hitlery are winning the culture and political wars. A tyrannical SCOTUS as well. Seems they are entrenched.

redleghunter  posted on  2015-05-05   9:50:17 ET  Reply   Untrace   Trace   Private Reply  


Replies to Comment # 38.

#44. To: redleghunter, tpaine, Nolu Chan (#38)

How are the socialists losing? At every turn the emperor and his successor vice regent Hitlery are winning the culture and political wars. A tyrannical SCOTUS as well. Seems they are entrenched.

Yeah, I don't see how the socialist-progs are losing on any front. They've oonly gotten stronger and more entrenched. They control the media, the message, the language, AND culture. And define "normalcy," relevance, and even morality. How else do sodomites get celebrated as "heroic"?

As Red notes, they also control the courts while SCOTUS fronts for socialism and tyranny. The 1st Amendment exists conditionally as does the 2nd. Moreover, as Nolu Chan has pointed out rather articulately and in great detail, the 14th Amendment -- dubiously enacted at best -- has all but contaminated the entire US Constitution.

Liberator  posted on  2015-05-05 11:33:56 ET  Reply   Untrace   Trace   Private Reply  


#46. To: redleghunter, y'all (#38)

These threads are good examples of one of the major political problems we have in the USA today..

The fight between the small govt constitutionalists, and the big brother progressive socialists.

The progressives are rapidly losing, and are frantically defending their 100 year old experiment in socialism.

I find the fight amusing to monitor. -- Why don't you?

How are the socialists losing? At every turn the emperor and his successor vice regent Hitlery are winning the culture and political wars. A tyrannical SCOTUS as well. Seems they are entrenched.

They're only winning in the 'cultures' that don't matter. -- We've regained control in congress, and are about to get the presidency; -- and your fears about SCOTUS opinions are baseless. - Who cares if queers call themselves 'married', or if the weirdos smoke pot? We're about to restore constitutional principles in the USA, and some Cassandras are stuck in the weeds crying 'woe is us'.

tpaine  posted on  2015-05-05 11:46:40 ET  Reply   Untrace   Trace   Private Reply  


End Trace Mode for Comment # 38.

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