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Title: O'Donnell is right:: New DNA Research shows Discrepancies Between Chimp and Human DNA
Source:
http://www.icr.org/article/new-chromosome-research-undermine
URL Source: http://www.icr.org/article/new-chromosome-research-undermines/
Published: Sep 25, 2010
Author: Jeffrey Tomkins, Ph.D., & Brian Thomas,
Post Date: 2010-09-25 23:49:28 by Nebuchadnezzar
Keywords: None
Views: 21952
Comments: 80
New Chromosome Research Undermines Human-Chimp Similarity Claims by Jeffrey Tomkins, Ph.D., & Brian Thomas, M.S. * A recent high-profile article in the journal Nature released the results of a study with implications that shocked the scientific community because they contradict long-held claims of human-chimp DNA similarity.1 A previous Acts & Facts article showed that much of the research surrounding the often touted claims of 98 percent (or higher) DNA similarity between chimps and humans has been based on flawed and biased research.2 The problem is that the similarity has been uncertain because no one has performed an unbiased and comprehensive DNA similarity study until now. And the results are not good news for the story of human evolution. One of the main deficiencies with the original chimpanzee genome sequence published in 20053 was that it was a draft sequence and only represented a 3.6-fold random coverage of the 21 chimpanzee autosomes, and a 1.8-fold redundancy of the X and Y sex chromosomes. In a draft coverage, very small fragments of the genome are sequenced in millions of individual reactions using high-throughput robotics equipment. This produces individual sequence fragments of about 500 to 1,200 bases in length. Based on overlapping reads, these individual sequences are assembled into contiguous clusters of sequence called sequencing contigs. In the case of a chimpanzee, an organism with a genome size of about 3 billion bases, a 3.6-fold coverage means that approximately 10.8 billion bases of DNA were sequenced (3.6 x 3.0). The result is a data set consisting of thousands of random sequencing contigs, or islands of contiguous sequence that need to be oriented and placed in position on their respective chromosomes. In the 2005 chimpanzee genome project and resulting Nature journal publication, the sequence contigs4 were not assembled and oriented based on a map of the chimpanzee genome, but rather on a map of the human genome. Given the fact that the chimpanzee genome is at least 10 percent larger5 overall than the human genome, this method of assembly was not only biased toward an evolutionary presupposition of human-chimp similarity, but was also inherently flawed. The title of the recent journal article accurately sums up the research findings: "Chimpanzee and Human Y Chromosomes are Remarkably Divergent in Structure and Gene Content." Before getting into the details of their results, it is important to understand that for the first time, the chimpanzee DNA sequence for a chromosome was assembled and oriented based on a Y chromosome map/framework built for chimpanzee and not human. As a result, the chimpanzee DNA sequence could then be more accurately compared to the human Y chromosome because it was standing on its own merit. The Y chromosome is found only in males and contains many genes that specify male features, as well as genetic and regulatory information that is expressed throughout the whole body. Because of the recent outcome comparing the chimp and human Y chromosomes in a more objective assessment, it is possible that major discrepancies will be revealed among the other chromosomes that are claimed to be so similar. From a large-scale perspective, the human and chimp Y chromosomes were constructed entirely differently. On the human Y chromosome, there were found four major categories of DNA sequence that occupy specific regions. One can think of this in terms of geography. Just as a continent like Europe is divided into countries because of different people groups, so are chromosomes with different categories of DNA sequence. Not only were the locations of DNA categories completely different between human and chimp, but so were their proportions. One sequence class, or category containing DNA with a characteristic sequence, within the chimpanzee Y chromosome had less than 10 percent similarity with the same class in the human Y chromosome, and vice versa. Another large class shared only half the similarities of the other species, and vice versa. One differed by as much as 3.3-fold (330 percent), and a class specific to human "has no counterpart in the chimpanzee MSY [male-specific Y chromosome]."1 As far as looking at specific genes, the chimp and human Y chromosomes had a dramatic difference in gene content of 53 percent. In other words, the chimp was lacking approximately half of the genes found on a human Y chromosome. Because genes occur in families or similarity categories, the researchers also sought to determine if there was any difference in actual gene categories. They found a shocking 33 percent difference. The human Y chromosome contains a third more gene categories--entirely different classes of genes--compared to chimps. Under evolutionary assumptions of long and gradual genetic changes, the Y chromosome structures, layouts, genes, and other sequences should be much the same in both species, given the relatively short--according to the evolutionary timeline--six-million-year time span since chimpanzees and humans supposedly diverged from a common ancestor. Instead, the differences between the Y chromosomes are marked. R. Scott Hawley, a genetics researcher at the Stowers Institute in Kansas City who wasn't involved in the research, told the Associated Press, "That result is astounding."6 Because virtually every structural aspect of the human and chimp Y chromosomes was different, it was hard to arrive at an overall similarity estimate between the two. The researchers did postulate an overall 70 percent similarity, which did not take into account size differences or structural arrangement differences. This was done by concluding that only 70 percent of the chimp sequence could be aligned with the human sequence--not taking into account differences within the alignments. In other words, 70 percent was a conservative estimate, especially when considering that 50 percent of the human genes were missing from the chimp, and that the regions that did have some similarity were located in completely different patterns. When all aspects of non-similarity--sequence categories, genes, gene families, and gene position--are taken into account, it is safe to say that the overall similarity was lower than 70 percent. The Nature article expressed the discrepancy between this data and standard evolutionary interpretations in a rather intriguing way: "Indeed, at 6 million years of separation, the difference in MSY gene content in chimpanzee and human is more comparable to the difference in autosomal gene content in chicken and human, at 310 million years of separation."1 So, the human Y chromosome looks just as different from a chimp as the other human chromosomes do from a chicken. And to explain where all these differences between humans and chimps came from, believers in big-picture evolution are forced to invent stories of major chromosomal rearrangements and rapid generation of vast amounts of many new genes, along with accompanying regulatory DNA. However, since each respective Y chromosome appears fully integrated and interdependently stable with its host organism, the most logical inference from the Y chromosome data is that humans and chimpanzees were each specially created as distinct creatures.
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#1. To: All, GO65, GO 65, A k A Stone, Liberator (#0)
Hey Dickhead 65, respond to this.
Clinton and Cuomo are the true bandits who lit the fuse to this economic crisis we're now in. All in the name of getting more minorities in houses: http://libertysflame.com/cgi-bin/readart.cgi?ArtNum=12554
Primates are far more intelligent than fookin liberals.
Neo-cons are fookin liberals disguised as conservatives. They're easy to spot. They accuse conservatives of being liberals.
(sneakypete)DID Palin say or write these things or not? (Mad Dog's reply) I don't know or F ing care. Pete, MD doesn't know or care what Palin says or writes, he'll support her no matter what.
So are you liberal assholes.
They're easy to spot. They accuse conservatives of being liberals. Calm down. You're really starting to piss people off and that isn't wise.
Clinton and Cuomo are the true bandits who lit the fuse to this economic crisis we're now in. All in the name of getting more minorities in houses: http://libertysflame.com/cgi-bin/readart.cgi?ArtNum=12554
Fuck off yukon.
(sneakypete)DID Palin say or write these things or not? (Mad Dog's reply) I don't know or F ing care. Pete, MD doesn't know or care what Palin says or writes, he'll support her no matter what.
How many Yukons do YOU believe there are, chipper?
Fuck off, yukon.
(sneakypete)DID Palin say or write these things or not? (Mad Dog's reply) I don't know or F ing care. Pete, MD doesn't know or care what Palin says or writes, he'll support her no matter what.
Have another snort, obsessed, liberal, asshole, conspiracy kook!
They're easy to spot. They accuse conservatives of being liberals. (Nebuchadnezzar)Calm down. You're really starting to piss people off and that isn't wise. Odd thing for a person who presents himself as a conservative to say. When did you quit believing in "freedom of speech"? Who am I pissing off, Mr. Conservative? Neo-cons? And why would you care if I were pissing them off? Unless of course, you're a neo-con. To you, a person who would attempt to limit my freedom of speech through intimidation (You're really starting to piss people off and that isn't wise.) I say flat out, and without reservation: FUCK YOU Clear enough for you? FUCK YOU. You don't care much for the American Spirit, do you. Tough shit. Here it is, in your face.
(sneakypete)DID Palin say or write these things or not? (Mad Dog's reply) I don't know or F ing care. Pete, MD doesn't know or care what Palin says or writes, he'll support her no matter what.
Have another snort, obsessed, liberal, asshole, conspiracy kook!
Bible Study class. The problem is when you leave and confuse human civilization in the Holocene for reality. And start trying to live your fantasy. ;}
You realize there are ways you can be tracked down by your ISP and the ID# your computer puts out. Just informing you.
Clinton and Cuomo are the true bandits who lit the fuse to this economic crisis we're now in. All in the name of getting more minorities in houses: http://libertysflame.com/cgi-bin/readart.cgi?ArtNum=12554
Just informing you. You mean my static ip? My dynamic ip? You mean a mac address? You mean my isp can see all my internet traffic, including what ip the isp assigned to my computer? You mean my ip is logged at the server? Why no, I have no idea what you're talking about. Are you, personally, threatening to do that? Or are you in reality just another bully blowhard keyboard commando? Stone, you allow posters to make threats to other posters on your site? FUCK YOU NEB. Clear enough?
(sneakypete)DID Palin say or write these things or not? (Mad Dog's reply) I don't know or F ing care. Pete, MD doesn't know or care what Palin says or writes, he'll support her no matter what.
Stone, you allow posters to make threats to other posters on your site? FUCK YOU NEB. Clear enough? Is it against the law to track down an IP address? Whether I do or not is irrelevant to what is going to happen to you and the other traitors who have made their mark here and all over the internet- a mark which speaks of treason. When the new government comes to power they'll deal with all those who preached against America. And there is but one penalty for treason. "I'm making a list, checking it twice, gonna find out who's naughty and nice..."
Clinton and Cuomo are the true bandits who lit the fuse to this economic crisis we're now in. All in the name of getting more minorities in houses: http://libertysflame.com/cgi-bin/readart.cgi?ArtNum=12554
"I'm making a list, checking it twice, gonna find out who's naughty and nice..." Stone, Nutcase alert. Seems he's here making lists of people he doesn't agree with. I didn't see the graphic from ibobbycreek.com he posted, but I believe I've just been threatened with death on your site.
(sneakypete)DID Palin say or write these things or not? (Mad Dog's reply) I don't know or F ing care. Pete, MD doesn't know or care what Palin says or writes, he'll support her no matter what.
You don't look so good next to Bush, gopher! You really need to find a good dentist and decent barber.
Oh, poor baby is afraid of the inevitable blow-back from all the leftist treason that has gone on. Just keep your big mouth shut and mind your manners. I have an idea big mouth, if you feel you've been threatened you should contact the authorities. Or STFU. Got that?
Clinton and Cuomo are the true bandits who lit the fuse to this economic crisis we're now in. All in the name of getting more minorities in houses: http://libertysflame.com/cgi-bin/readart.cgi?ArtNum=12554
"Mmmmmm, your tears are so yummy and sweet...oh the tears of unfathomable sadness, yummy."
Clinton and Cuomo are the true bandits who lit the fuse to this economic crisis we're now in. All in the name of getting more minorities in houses: http://libertysflame.com/cgi-bin/readart.cgi?ArtNum=12554
I didn't see any graphic either. He is just fucking with you.
I know your just screwing with him. No need for it though.
You are familiar with source code, aren't you? Here's the graphic he posted, taken from the source code from your site: < img src="http://www.ibobbycreek.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/Pinochet2.jpg" /> You'll have to take out the space between < and "img src="http://www.ibobbycreek.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/Pinochet2.jpg" />" in order to see it. He posted a graphic.
(sneakypete)DID Palin say or write these things or not? (Mad Dog's reply) I don't know or F ing care. Pete, MD doesn't know or care what Palin says or writes, he'll support her no matter what.
I'm not saying I'm going to do ANYTHING. I'm warning them that a future government will come to power and THEY'LL be the ones to visit divine retribution upon them. I'm doing them a favor by warning them. But this one is for Wood_dick: You see Wood_dick, shit happens, and I'd hate to see a guy like pictured come to power and settle all debts, with interest. Paid in full.
Clinton and Cuomo are the true bandits who lit the fuse to this economic crisis we're now in. All in the name of getting more minorities in houses: http://libertysflame.com/cgi-bin/readart.cgi?ArtNum=12554
You. Are. A. Pussy.
Clinton and Cuomo are the true bandits who lit the fuse to this economic crisis we're now in. All in the name of getting more minorities in houses: http://libertysflame.com/cgi-bin/readart.cgi?ArtNum=12554
Fuck off dickwad. I'm just seeing what the forum owner is going to do about someone who tries to intimidate, threaten, and silence other posters here. Looks like not much. Open season asshole. Hope you got a great firewall.
(sneakypete)DID Palin say or write these things or not? (Mad Dog's reply) I don't know or F ing care. Pete, MD doesn't know or care what Palin says or writes, he'll support her no matter what.
Come on. Chill out you two. The enemy is liberals. You two aren't liberals are you?
Come on. Chill out you two. The enemy is liberals. You two aren't liberals are you? I noticed you said, "You two" but addressed it only to me and not neb. Oversight on your part?
(sneakypete)DID Palin say or write these things or not? (Mad Dog's reply) I don't know or F ing care. Pete, MD doesn't know or care what Palin says or writes, he'll support her no matter what.
What are you going to do about posters who try to intimidate, threaten, and silence other posters here? Nothing? Good for you Stone. It's about time Americans learn again to stand on their own two feet, and fight their battles themselves, instead of "offshoring it" to others. Yukon and neb are neo-cons (not conservatives in my view) who like to try to position and defame conservatives as liberals, in an attempt to dis-credit them, as they've done with me. Anti American? I qualify for burial in Arlington National Cemetery. I doubt either of them do. They're horses' asses, as they prove night after night.
(sneakypete)DID Palin say or write these things or not? (Mad Dog's reply) I don't know or F ing care. Pete, MD doesn't know or care what Palin says or writes, he'll support her no matter what.
I'm not. Neb's a liberal. AKA neo-con. He likes to charge true conservatives with being liberals.
(sneakypete)DID Palin say or write these things or not? (Mad Dog's reply) I don't know or F ing care. Pete, MD doesn't know or care what Palin says or writes, he'll support her no matter what.
I figured you would both see it.
Good morning....&;-)
"I really wanna care. I wanna feel somethin'. Let me dig a little deeper:. No, My give-a-damn's busted"~ Messina Jo Dee
Homo Sapien and Simians have different DNA...STOP THE PRESSES!!!!
During which Sophomore year did you learn that?
{;^D
Most people who believe the fairy tale of evolution don't know that. You evilutionists are the ones who propagated the myth that human beings evolved from monkeys. Pure stupidity on the part of the evilutionists. I still think most of you just want to fuck monkeys and are looking for an exescuse.
Sure they do. Most of you who believe in magic simply lie about evolution and the origin of our species.
Most of you who believe in magic simply lie about evolution and the origin of our species. You're really dim aren't you. You think that something came from nothing. That is one hell of a magic trick wizard.
That is not what I believe but it certainly sums up Genesis.
I don't think you have ever read Genesis. Either that or you are mentally challenged and have a reading comprehension problem. It was created by God. In your stupidity you can't see that. Then you make fun of it and claim that creatures evolved from the spontaneous combustion of mud.
I know the Bible 100,000,000x better than you do. I had to explain a passage that you quoted from the Book of Job to you the other day that you believed proved the existence pof dinosaurs. Turns out, you **thought** you had quoted a passage from John.
Comments (42 - 80) not displayed.
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#2. To: Nebuchadnezzar (#0)
O'Donnell is right:: New DNA Research shows Discrepancies Between Chimp and Human DNA
#3. To: Ibluafartsky (#2)
(Edited)
Primates are far more intelligent than fookin liberals.
#4. To: Wood_Chopper (#3)
They're easy to spot.
#5. To: Wood_Chopper (#3)
Neo-cons are fookin liberals disguised as conservatives.
#6. To: Nebuchadnezzar (#5)
Calm down. You're really starting to piss people off and that isn't wise.
#7. To: Wood_Chopper, Nebuchadnezzar (#6)
Fuck off yukon.
#8. To: Ibluafartsky (#7)
How many Yukons do YOU believe there are, chipper?
#9. To: Wood_Chopper (#8)
Fuck off, yukon.
#10. To: Nebuchadnezzar (#5)
(W-C)Neo-cons are fookin liberals disguised as conservatives.
#11. To: Wood_Chopper (#10)
Here it is, in your face.
#12. To: Nebuchadnezzar (#0)
#13. To: Wood_Chopper (#10)
Clear enough for you? FUCK YOU.
#14. To: Nebuchadnezzar, A K A Stone (#13)
You realize there are ways you can be tracked down by your ISP and the ID# your computer puts out.
#15. To: Nebuchadnezzar (#1)
And the Conservative plan to create jobs is......?????
#16. To: Wood_Chopper (#14)
Are you, personally, threatening to do that? Or are you in reality just another bully blowhard keyboard commando?
#17. To: Nebuchadnezzar, A K A Stone (#16)
When the new government comes to power they'll deal with all those who preached against America.
And there is but one penalty for treason.
#18. To: go65 (#15)
#19. To: Wood_Chopper (#17)
I didn't see the graphic from ibobbycreek.com he posted, but I believe I've just been threatened with death on your site.
#20. To: Wood_Chopper (#17)
but I believe I've just been threatened with death on your site.
#21. To: Wood_Chopper (#17)
#22. To: Nebuchadnezzar (#16)
#23. To: A K A Stone (#21)
(Edited)
I didn't see any graphic either. He is just fucking with you.
#24. To: A K A Stone (#22)
I know your just screwing with him. No need for it though.
#25. To: Wood_Chopper (#23)
He posted a graphic.
#26. To: Nebuchadnezzar (#25)
You. Are. A. Pussy.
#27. To: Wood_Chopper (#26)
#28. To: A K A Stone (#27)
To: Wood_Chopper
#29. To: A K A Stone (#27)
Come on. Chill out you two. The enemy is liberals. You two aren't liberals are you?
#30. To: A K A Stone (#27)
You two aren't liberals are you?
#31. To: Wood_Chopper, nebakanezer (#28)
#32. To: A K A Stone, Wood_Chopper, Nebuchadnezzar (#31)
#33. To: All (#0)
#34. To: war (#33)
#35. To: Fred Mertz (#34)
#36. To: war (#33)
Homo Sapien and Simians have different DNA...STOP THE PRESSES!!!!
#37. To: A K A Stone (#36)
Most people who believe the fairy tale of evolution don't know that.
#38. To: war (#37)
Sure they do.
#39. To: A K A Stone (#38)
You think that something came from nothing.
#40. To: war (#39)
#41. To: A K A Stone (#40)
.
.
.
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